Catecholamines and Cortisol Help to Fight Stress - 531 Words

When stress occurs, our bodies respond by releasing hormones that help our bodies deal with the stress. Catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) and cortisol are hormones that are major players in the stress response (McCance Huether, 2010). Catecholamines share some common physiologic actions with cortisol. Catecholamines and its metabolic actions are similar to those of cortisol. Both catecholamines and cortisol cause an increase in blood glucose through increased gluconeogenesis (McCance Huether, 2010). Gluconeogenesis is the production of glucose when the activation of certain enzymes occur (McCance Huether, 2010). Both epinephrine and cortisol also cause an increase in blood glucose by preventing cells in the body from the uptake of glucose and decreasing the effects of insulin (Judd, n.d.). Catecholamines and cortisol both cause an increase in cardiac output and an increase in blood pressure as well (McCance Huether, 2010). Catecholamines do this by enhancing myocardial contractility, increasing heart rate, and increasing the blood (venous) returning to the heart (McCance Huether, 2010). Cortisol aids in this effect by increasing the amount of receptors that epinephrine and norepinephrine can attach to ( Judd, n.d.). Cortisol and catecholamines both cause lipolysis is some areas of the body. This occurs in the extremities with cortisol, but most areas of the body with catecholamines (McCance Huether, 2010). Strangely enough, bothShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Hormones On The Body s Central Glucocorticoid1746 Words   |  7 PagesACTH acts on receptors of the adrenal cortex to stimulate the synthesis and release of cortisol [19,20]. Also known as the body’s ‘‘stress hormone’’, cortisol travels through the blood in both protein-bound (inactive) and free (active) forms. Cortisol can act to limit its own synthesis via a negative feedback mechanism to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland [19,20]. Upon reaching a target cell, free cortisol diffuses through the cell membrane to bind to the cytoplasmic glucocorti- coid receptorRead MoreOverview of The Endocrine System713 Words   |  3 Pagesalso secrete hormones that help a person deal and manage with both physical and emotional stress. The adrenal glands produce four main hormones: 1. Catecholamines - These are stress hormones such as adrenaline or noradrenaline and are released during times of stress to help the body combat extra pressures, the fight or flight response. 2. Aldosterone: This hormone helps to maintain the bodys salt and water levels which, in turn, regulates blood pressure. 3. Cortisol: This is another hormoneRead MorePsychological And Sociological Factors Of Stress1558 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Stress is defined as ‘any situation which tends to disturb the equilibrium between a living organism and its environment’1. Equilibrium is restored through biological actions such as hormone secretion which lead to physiological changes that prepare one for the fight or flight response. As a junior doctor, Mark is exposed every day to many stressors such as death, suffering and long hours. There are also many psychological and sociological factors in the work environment which can furtherRead MoreEssay on Hans Selye ´s General Adaptation Syndrome Model648 Words   |  3 PagesNational Track and Field Championships for the 800m event. In the alarm stage, the body encounters a stressor. The stressor will cause the body to react with the fight or flight response.Next, the nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis will be activated. The body system will then release ‘stress’ hormones like adrenaline, cortisol and noradrenaline. Blood pressure and heart rate will begin to increase. At this stage, the stressor affecting me is when I was running the last 200m, I hearRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1033 Words   |  5 Pagesmajor depressive disorder that I chose for my final paper is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, or more commonly known as PSTD. This is a very complex disorder and effects men, women, and children alike. Most people associate PSTD with servicemen or women returning from defending our country. However, statistics show these people do experience PTSD, they are not the only people this disorder effects. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a reaction a person has after experiencing or witnessing a traumaticRead MoreAU PSY350 M5 A1 Rodriguez A Essay2073 Words   |  9 PagesEffects of Stress Angie Rodriguez Physiological Psychology | PSY350 A03 Faculty:   Courtney  McKinney November 3, 2014 Abstract As stress we all know is a normal physical response to events that give us the feeling of threatned or a unbalance in the mind. Whether, it is danger we fear or if it is real living events the way the body reacts to stress it automatically high gears in a fast, way that it process what we recall as â€Å"fight-or-fight† the way reaction is towards stress. StressorsRead MoreBrian s Current State Of Health Essay1542 Words   |  7 Pages from which we can calculate his BMI to be 34kg/m2. Despite being a non-smoker, the patient described his exercise level as low. This paired with his low activity job makes leads us to assume his PAL is low. The GP ran common health check tests to help them conjecture towards the nature of his problem. The patients’ blood pressure was 164/92. He had a fasting blood glucose of 8.3mmol/l and a UDL cholesterol level of 0.87mmol/l. From this information we can identify issues within Brain’s state ofRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder6041 Words   |  25 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder Name Course Tutor Institution Date Introduction Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that presents in form of anxiety disorder, and it usually develops following exposure to an event or incident that is terrifying and mostly associated with an increased risk or actual occurrence of severe body harm. These events exceed the coping capabilities of the individual, resulting into psychological trauma. As a result of the trauma, theRead MoreWhat Is The Psychological Analysis Of Mental Psychology1594 Words   |  7 Pagesailments include C-PTSD, mood disorder unspecified, and ADD-all forms of mental illness according to the Desk Reference to the Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-V. I’m currently seeing a psychiatrist for medication regarding my illness and counseling to help me understand and comprehend my past and how it affects me today. Both doctors do not know if I will ever get over the trauma of my dysfunctional childhood, the tragedy of the Joe Ferguson killings and my bad marriages. However, I h ope that somedayRead MoreThe Role Of Cues On Glycemic Control And Lipid Profile2321 Words   |  10 PagesAnxiety, depression, hormonal imbalance are major disorders of chronic stress that lead to the several pathophysiological complications if prolonged. There is little evidence reflecting that chronic unpredictable environmental stress may induce the predisposition of diabetes mellitus associated complications. However detailed investigation at molecular level is required to see the effect of chronic unpredictable environmental stress (CUES) at gene level. The present study investigates the role of CUES

The Salem Witch Trials Vs. Red Scare - 1274 Words

Odunayo Aladeniyi Mrs. Van De Motter American Literature 7th 31 October 2017 The Salem Witch Trials vs. The Red Scare â€Å"All wish to possess knowledge, but few, comparatively speaking, are willing to pay the price(Juvenal)†. This quote represents the knowledge that a single human being may have, but may not wish to use in situations. Numerous Historians have marked The Salem Witch Trials and The Red Scare as both Era’s of Hysteria among the people of the U.S, this research will explain the makings of a hysterical nation. The Salem Witch Trials was reported as early as the 1690’s as the Puritans started to arrive in America as a new nation for a better start. The Puritans originated from Old†¦show more content†¦The girls at trial could have mass panic attacks as probable evidence at each woman s trial. The villager suspected certain men and women of witchcraft no one was safe. The same was for the slave named Tituba whose West Indian ancestry mad the villagers extra suspicious of her practicing some form of voodoo, a Haitian r eligion. A group of small girls which it started from Becky Panis and Abigail Williams a game was played amongst the girls which involved experimenting with fortune telling and little spells. The girls hid anything they did in secret from their parents, because they knew that what they were doing was forbidden(Magoon 37). â€Å" One of the first trials was of Bridget Bishop. Bishop was accused of transforming into a cat. She was found guilty and on June 10, 1692, she was hanged. The putnam family accused Rebecca Nurse of being a witch. She happened to have a long-standing quarrel with the family. In her trial, the jury found her not guilty, but the judge overruled and gave her guilty , she also hanged(Dunn 22-23)†. Modern Psychologist who studied the situation of this time era may have believed that the girls suffered from a psychological disorder that caused panic attacks. These girls were never forgotten by many historians till this day do not understand the inquiries of th e situation. The SecondShow MoreRelatedMccarthyism And The Salem Witch Trials1195 Words   |  5 Pagesregard for evidence (â€Å"McCarthyism†). The Salem Witch Trials was when more than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft and 20 were killed because of these accusations (Brooks). During the Red Scare like there are accusations of people committing treason during the Red Scare. In The Crucible people are accused of being witches during the Salem Witch trials. There are many similarities and differences between the Red Scare and the Salem Witch trials. These similarities and differences wereRead MoreArthur Millers The Crucible And The Second Red Scare1293 Words   |  6 Pages In Arthur Miller’s â€Å"Why I Wrote The Crucible†, Miller connects The Crucible and the Second Red Scare by highlighting his process of writing which in return displays the two different time era’s similarities. He states, â€Å"[W]hen I began to think of writing about the hunt for Reds in America, I was motivated in some great part by the paralysis that had set in among many liberals who, despite their discomfort with the inquisitors’ violations of civil rights, were fearful†¦of being identified as Communists†Read MoreThe Mccarthy Hearings Vs The Salem Witch Trials Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesMcCarthy Hearings vs The Salem Witch Trials The McCarthy Hearings and the Salem Witch Trials both transformed the thought process of Americans today. Despite being described as completely unique and distinguished events, they both are eerily similar in appearance. The Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism are both described as witch hunts with several similarities in the way the inspired fear but they have several differences in the motivation and the end of each event. The Salem Witch Trials is know forRead MoreThe Powerless- Analysing Mccarthyism Vs. The Salem Witch Trials2054 Words   |  9 PagesThe Empowerment of the Powerless- Analysing McCarthyism Vs. The Salem Witch Trials During the witch trials, almost two hundred innocent people were convicted of consorting with the Devil and practicing witchcraft, and a surprising twenty people were hanged for their lack of confession. The source for this mass hysteria, was nothing more than the silent influence of eleven young girls ranging from the age of nine to twenty-five. They began to accuse their neighbors of witchcraft, gaining them theRead MoreThe Hands Of An Angry God1627 Words   |  7 PagesEdwards in the mid-1700’s, is a sermon directed to a Puritan congregation urging with orthodox fervor for transgressors to repent. Arthur Miller wrote the allegorical play The Crucible in 1953, lively portraying the hysteria occurring during the Salem Witch Trials in an effort to describe his perceptions of the post-war climate of McCarthyism and the sheer terror of Communism. In the pulpit oratory â€Å"Sinner in the Hands of an Angry God†, Edwards eloquently uses imagery, metaphors, and symbolism i n orderRead MoreThe Crucible : An Allegory For The Red Scare2011 Words   |  9 PagesAmericans being equal in status to White Americans during the Civil Rights movement. Although the crucible takes place in 1692, Salem, it reflects the concerns of 1950?s American life and is an allegory for the Red Scare, and Homosexuality. [2: Wall, Wendy. Anti-Communism in the 1950s. www.gilderlehrman.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2016. .] The Crucible takes place in Salem, Massachusetts, which was a puritan town.[endnoteRef:3] Reverend Parris is praying over his daughter, Betty, who appears toRead MoreThe Accusation of Witches in Puritan, New England1634 Words   |  7 Pagesbasis of this stringent religious way of life that the witch-hunts on 1692 came about. The accusation of people, beginning in Salem, Massachusetts and quickly spreading throughout the Puritan community began because the Puritans needed a scapegoat for their problems. The Puritans accused people of being a witch for actions that were hardly considered illegal and usually had to do with a threat posed to the church. Websters Dictionary defines a witch as 1. A woman practicing the black arts; 2. A charmingRead MoreMccarthyism : Alive Yesterday, Today, And Tomorrow2146 Words   |  9 Pagesdifferences, is a recurring theme throughout human history. Proof is shown in the events of the McCarthy era (the intensified fear of Communists from the late 194 0s and early 1950s also recognized as the Red Scare) the burning of Jews during the Black Death, the events of the Salem Witch Trials, and other episodes of mass hysteria. The spirit of McCarthyism continues to plague mankind and is kept burning by people who possess post 9/11 fears about Islamist terrorists (citation). Characterized byRead MoreEssay Witchcraft Portrayed in Films6180 Words   |  25 PagesAn ugly and frightening old woman crouches ominously over a big worn cauldron, set over a crackling red fire. Her skin is wrinkled, cragged and coloured in a strange tone that isnt quite natural, and her face features a long and crooked nose, adorned with a few erratic warts. She is wearing a long black robe that has seen better days, and a tall conical hat with a large rim covers her untidy hair. She concentrates on her cauldron, in which some unwholesome-looking liquid is boiling and sending off

The History of Carbon Persuasive Essay Example For Students

The History of Carbon Persuasive Essay I.IntroductionA.The History of CarbonII.Occurrences in NatureA.DiamondB.GraphiteC.Coal and CharcoalD.Amorphous CarbonIII.Carbon CompoundsA.InorganicB.OrganicIV.The Carbon CycleIV.ConclusionCarbon, an element discovered before history itself, is one of the mostabundant elements in the universe. It can be found in the sun, the stars,comets, and the atmospheres of most planets. There are close to ten millionknown carbon compounds, many thousands of which are vital to the basis of lifeitself (WWW 1). Carbon occurs in many forms in nature. One of its purest forms is diamond. Diamond is the hardest substance known on earth. Although diamonds found innature are colorless and transparent, when combined with other elements itscolor can range from pastels to black. Diamond is a poor conductor of heat andelectricity. Until 1955 the only sources of diamond were found in deposits ofvolcanic origin. Since then scientists have found ways to make diamond fromgraphite and other synthetic materials. Diamonds of true gem quality are notmade in this way (Beggott 3-4). Graphite is another form of carbon. It occurs as a mineral in nature, but itcan be made artificially from amorphous carbon. One of the main uses forgraphite is for its lubricating qualities. Another is for the lead in pencils. Graphite is used as a heat resistant material and an electricity conductor. Itis also used in nuclear reactors as a lubricator (Kinoshita 119-127). Amorphous carbon is a deep black powder that occurs in nature as a component ofcoal. It may be obtained artificially from almost any organic substance byheating the substance to very high temperatures without air. Using this method,coke is produced from coal, and charcoal is produced from wood. Amorphouscarbon is the most reactive form of carbon. Because amorphous carbon burnseasily in air, it is used as a combustion fuel. The most important uses foramorphous carbon are as a filler for rubber and as a black pigment in paint (WWW2). There are two kinds of carbon compounds. The first is inorganic. Inorganiccompounds are binary compounds of carbon with metals or metal carbides. Theyhave properties ranging from reactive and saltlike; found in metals such assodium, magnesium, and aluminum, to an unreactive and metallic, such as titaniumand niobium (Beggott 4). Carbon compounds containing nonmetals are usually gases or liquids with lowboiling points. Carbon monoxide, a gas, is odorless, colorless, and tasteless. It forms during the incomplete combustion of carbon (Kinoshita 215-223). It ishighly toxic to animals because it inhibits the transport of oxygen in the bloodby hemoglobin (WWW 2). Carbon dioxide is a colorless, almost odorless gas thatis formed by the combustion of carbon. It is a product that results fromrespiration in most living organisms and is used by plants as a source of carbon. Frozen carbon dioxide, known as dry ice, is used as a refrigerant. Fluorocarbons, such as Freon, are used as refrigerants (Kinoshita 225-226). Organic compounds are those compounds that occur in nature. The simplestorganic compounds consist of only carbon and hydrogen, the hydrocarbons. Thestate of matter for organic compounds depends on how many carbons are containedin it. If a compound has up to four carbons it is a gas, if it has up to 20carbons it is a liquid, and if it has more than 20 carbons it is a solid(Kinoshita 230-237). The carbon cycle is the system of biological and chemical processes that makecarbon available to living things for use in tissue building and energy release(Kinoshita 242). All living cells are composed of proteins consisting of carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen in various combinations, and each living organismputs these elements together according to its own genetic code. To do this theorganism must have these available in special compounds built around carbon. .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .postImageUrl , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:hover , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:visited , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:active { border:0!important; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:active , .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5 .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucec752932d29500de5cb9227dc7998f5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Religion is Unnecessary EssayThese special compounds are produced only by plants, by the process ofphotosynthesis. Photosynthesis is a process in which chlorophyll traps and usesenergy from the sun in the form of light. Six molecules of carbon dioxidecombine with six molecules of water to form one molecule of glucose (sugar). The glucose molecule consists of six atoms of carbon, twelve of hydrogen, andsix of oxygen. Six oxygen molecules, consisting of two oxygen atoms each, arealso produced and are discharged into the atmosphere unless the plant needsenergy to live. In that case, the oxygen combines with the glucose immediately,releasing six molecules of carbon dioxide and six of water for each molecule ofglucose (Beggott 25-32). The carbon cycle is then completed as the plantobtains the energy that was stored by the glucose. The length of time requiredto complete the cycle varies. In plants without an immediate need for energy,the chemical processes continue in a variety of ways. By reducing the hydrogenand oxygen content of most of the sugar molecules by one water molecule andcombining them to form large molecules, plants produce substances such as starch,inulin , and fats and store them for future use. Regardless of whether thestored food is used later by the plant or consumed by some other organism, t hemolecules will ultimately be digested and oxidized, and carbon dioxide and waterwill be discharged. Other molecules of sugar undergo a series of chemicalchanges and are finally combined with nitrogen compounds to form proteinsubstances, which are then used to build tissues (WWW 2). Although protein substances may pass from organism to organism, eventuallythese too are oxidized and form carbon dioxide and water as cells wear out andare broken down, or as the organisms die. In either case, a new set oforganisms, ranging from fungi to the large scavengers, use the waste products ortissues for food, digesting and oxidizing the substances for energy release (WWW1). At various times in the Earths history, some plant and animal tissues havebeen protected by erosion and sedimentation from the natural agents ofdecomposition and converted into substances such as peat, lignite, petroleum,and coal. The carbon cycle, temporarily interrupted in this manner, iscompleted as fuels are burned, and carbon dioxide and water are again added tothe atmosphere for reuse by living things, and the solar energy stored byphotosynthesis ages ago is released (Kinoshita 273-275). Almost everything around us today has some connection with carbon or a carboncompound. Carbon is in every living organism. Without carbon life would notexist as we know it. Works Cited1.Beggott, Jim Great Balls of CarbonNew Scientist, July 6, 19912.Kinoshita, Kim Carbon Compounds Random, New York 119-27519873.WWWCarbon http://www.usc.edu/chem/carbon.html19954.WWW Carbon Compounds http://www.harvard.edu/depts/chem/carbon.html1995Category: Science

Speech on Dr. B.R. Ambedkar free essay sample

Ambedkar was born in the British-founded town and military cantonment of Mhow in the Central Provinces (now in Madhya Pradesh). He was the 14th and last child of Ramji Maloji Sakpal and Bhimabai. His family was of Marathi background from the town of Ambavade in the Ratnagiri district of modern-day Maharashtra. They belonged to the Hindu, Mahar caste, who were treated as untouchables and subjected to intense socio-economic discrimination. Belonging to the Kabir Panth, Ramji Sakpal encouraged his children to read the Hindu classics. He used his position in the army to lobby for his children to study at the government school, as they faced resistance owing to their caste. Although able to attend school, Ambedkar and other untouchable children were segregated and given no attention or assistance by the teachers. Ramji Sakpal retired in 1894 and the family moved to  Satara  two years later. Shortly after their move, Ambedkars mother died. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech on Dr. B.R. Ambedkar or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Of his brothers and sisters, only Ambedkar succeeded in passing his examinations and graduating to a higher school. Ambedkar remarried in 1898, and the family moved to Mumbai (then Bombay), where Ambedkar became the first untouchable student at the Government High School near Elphinstone Road. [7. In 1907, he passed his matriculation examination and entered the University of Bombay, becoming one of the first persons of untouchable origin to enter a college in India. This success provoked celebrations in his community, and after a public ceremony he was presented with a biography of the Buddha by his teacher Krishnaji Arjun Keluskar also known as Dada Keluskar, a Maratha caste scholar. Ambedkars marriage had been arranged the previous year as per Hindu custom, to Ramabai, a nine-year old girl from Dapoli. [7] In 1908, he entered Elphinstone College and obtained a scholarship of twenty five rupees a month from the Gayakwad ruler of Baroda, Sahyaji Rao III. By 1912, he obtained his degree in economics and political science from Bombay University, and prepared to take up employment with the Baroda state government. His wife gave birth to his first son, Yashwant, in the same year. Ambedkar had just moved his young family and started work, when he dashed back to Mumbai to see his ailing father, who died on February 2, 1913. In 1922 through unremitting hard work, Ambedkar once again overfulfilled all expectations:. While practicing law in the Bombay High Court he ran head long in to uplift the untouchable to educate them. . By 1927 Ambedkar decided to launch active movements against untouchability. Upon Indias independence on August 15, 1947, the new Congress-led government invited Ambedkar to serve as the nations first law minister, which he accepted. On August 29, Ambedkar was appointed Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee, charged by the Assembly to write free Indias new Constitution. Ambedkar won great praise from his colleagues and contemporary observers for his drafting work. Ambedkar studied Buddhism all his life, and around 1950s, he planned to make a formal conversion back to Buddhism and this work was done by a priest named Chintamani. He was bed-ridden owing to clinical depression and failing eyesight. [11]  . His health worsened as he furiously worked through 1955. Just three days after completing his final manuscript  The Buddha and His Dhamma, it is said that Ambedkar died in his sleep on December 6, 1956 at his home in Delhi. On the anniversary of his birth (14 April) and death (6 December) and on Dhamma Chakra Pravartan Din, 14th Oct at Nagpur, at least half a million people gather to pay homage to him at his memorial in Mumbai. Thousands of bookshops are set up, and books are sold. His message to his followers was Educate!!! , Agitate!!! , Organize!!! .

The Dark Web Essay Example For Students

The Dark Web Essay An essay is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the authors own argument but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of an article, a pamphlet, and a short story. Essays have traditionally been sub-classified as formal and informal. Formal essays are characterized by serious purpose, dignity, logical organization, length, whereas the informal essay is characterized by the personal element (self-revelation, individual tastes and experiences, confidential manner), humor, graceful style, rambling structure, unconventionality or novelty of theme, etc. Essays can consist of a number of elements, including literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. Almost all modern essays are written in prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays (e. g. , Alexander Popes An Essay on Criticism and An Essay on Man). While brevity usually defines an essay, voluminous works like John Lockes An Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Thomas Malthuss An Essay on the Principle of Population are counterexamples. We will write a custom essay on The Dark Web specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In some countries (e. g. , the United States and Canada), essays have become a major part of formal education. Secondary students are taught structured essay formats to improve their writing skills admission essays are often used by universities in selecting applicants, and in the humanities and social sciences essays are often used as a way of assessing the performance of students during final exams. The concept of an essay has been extended to other mediums beyond writing. A film essay is a movie that often incorporates documentary film making styles, and focuses more on the evolution of a theme or idea. A photographic essay covers a topic with a linked series of photographs that may have accompanying text or captions. An essay has been defined in a variety of ways. One definition is a prose composition with a focused subject of discussion or a long, systematic discourse. 2 It is difficult to define the genre into which essays fall. Aldous Huxley, a leading essayist, gives guidance on the subject. He notes that the essay is a literary device for saying almost everything about almost anything, and adds that by tradition, almost by definition, the essay is a short piece. Furthermore, Huxley argues that essays belong to a literary species whose extreme variability can be studied most effectively within a three-poled frame of reference. These three poles (or worlds in which the essay may exist) are The personal and the autobiographical The essayists that feel most comfortable in this pole write fragments of reflective autobiography and look at the world through the keyhole of anecdote and description. The objective, the factual, and the concrete-particular The essayists that write from this pole do not speak directly of themselves, but turn their attention outward to some literary or scientific or political theme. Their art consists on setting forth, passing judgement upon, and drawing general conclusions from the relevant data. The abstract-universal In this pole we find those essayists who do their work in the world of high abstractions, who are never personal and who seldom mention the particular facts of experience. Huxley adds that the most richly satisfying essays are those which make the best not of one, not of two, but of all the three worlds in which it is possible for the essay to exist. The word essay derives from the French infinitive essayer, to try or to attempt. In English essay first meant a trial or an attempt, and this is still an alternative meaning. The Frenchman Michel de Montaigne (15331592) was the first author to describe his work as essays he used the term to characterize these as attempts to put his thoughts into writing, and his essays grew out of his commonplacing. Inspired in particular by the works of Plutarch, a translation of whose uvres Morales (Moral works) into French had just been published by Jacques Amyot, Montaigne began to compose his essays in 1572 the first edition, entitled Essais, was published in two volumes in 1580. For the rest of his life he continued revising previously published essays and composing new ones. Francis Bacons essays, published in book form in 1597, 1612, and 1625, were the first works in English that described themselves as essays. Ben Jonson first used the word essayist in English in 1609, according to the Oxford English Dictionary. History Globe icon. The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (January 2011) Europe English essayists included Robert Burton (15771641) and Sir Thomas Browne (16051682). In France, Michel de Montaignes three volume Essais in the mid 1500s contain over 100 examples widely regarded as the predecessor of the modern essay. In Italy, Baldassare Castiglione wrote about courtly manners in his essay Il libro del cortegiano. In the 17th century, the Jesuit Baltasar Gracin wrote about the theme of wisdom. During the Age of Enlightenment, essays were a favored tool of polemicists who aimed at convincing readers of their position they also featured heavily in the rise of periodical literature, as seen in the works of Joseph Addison, Richard Steele and Samuel Johnson. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Edmund Burke and Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote essays for the general public. The early 19th century in particular saw a proliferation of great essayists in English William Hazlitt, Charles Lamb, Leigh Hunt and Thomas de Quincey all penned numerous essays on diverse subjects. In the 20th century, a number of essayists tried to explain the new movements in art and culture by using essays (e. g. , T. S. Eliot). Whereas some essayists used essays for strident political themes, Robert Louis Stevenson and Willa Cather wrote lighter essays. Virginia Woolf, Edmund Wilson, and Charles du Bos wrote literary criticism essays. 5 Japan Main article Zuihitsu As with the novel, essays existed in Japan several centuries before they developed in Europe with a genre of essays known as zuihitsu loosely connected essays and fragmented ideas. Zuihitsu have existed since almost the beginnings of Japanese literature. .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5 , .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5 .postImageUrl , .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5 , .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5:hover , .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5:visited , .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5:active { border:0!important; } .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5:active , .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5 .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc945a4022908e01efd3421b17ee392d5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Transgender Rights Of Transgender People examples EssayMany of the most noted early works of Japanese literature are in this genre. Notable examples include The Pillow Book (c. 1000), by court lady Sei Shnagon, and Tsurezuregusa (1330), by particularly renowned Japanese Buddhist monk Yoshida Kenk. Kenk described his short writings similarly to Montaigne, referring to them as nonsensical thoughts written in idle hours. Another noteworthy difference from Europe is that women have traditionally written in Japan, though the more formal, Chinese-influenced writings of male writers were more prized at the time. As an educational tool University students, like these students doing research at a university library, are often assigned essays as a way to get them to analyse what they have read. Main article Free response In countries like the United States and the United Kingdom, essays have become a major part of a formal education in the form of free response questions. Secondary students in these countries are taught structured essay formats to improve their writing skills, and essays are often used by universities in these countries in selecting applicants (see admissions essay). In both secondary and tertiary education, essays are used to judge the mastery and comprehension of material. Students are asked to explain, comment on, or assess a topic of study in the form of an essay. In some courses, university students must complete one or more essays over several weeks or months. In addition, in fields such as the humanities and social sciences,citation needed mid-term and end of term examinations often require students to write a short essay in two or three hours. In these countries, so-called academic essays, which may also be called papers, are usually more formal than literary ones. itation needed They may still allow the presentation of the writers own views, but this is done in a logical and factual manner, with the use of the first person often discouraged. Longer academic essays (often with a word limit of between 2,000 and 5,000 words)citation needed are often more discursive. They sometimes begin with a short summary analysis of what has previously been written on a topic, which is often called a literature review. citation needed Longer essays may also contain an introductory page that defines words and phrases of the essays topic. Most academic institutionscitation needed require that all substantial facts, quotations, and other porting material in an essay be referenced in a bibliography or works cited page at the end of the text. This scholarly convention helps others (whether teachers or fellow scholars) to understand the basis of facts and quotations the author uses to support the essays argument, and helps readers evaluate to what extent the argument is supported by evidence, and to evaluate the quality of that evidence. The academic essay tests the students ability to present their thoughts in an organized way and is designed to test their intellectual capabilities. One essay guide of a US university makes the distinction between research papers and discussion papers. The guide states that a research paper is intended to uncover a wide variety of sources on a given topic. As such, research papers tend to be longer and more inclusive in their scope and with the amount of information they deal with. While discussion papers also include research, hey tend to be shorter and more selective in their approach and more analytical and critical. Whereas a research paper would typically quote a wide variety of sources, a discussion paper aims to integrate the material in a broader fashion. 6 One of the challenges facing US universities is that in some cases, students may submit essays purchased from an essay mill (or paper mill) as their own work. An essay mill is a ghostwriting service that sells pre-written essays to university and college students. Since plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty or academic fraud, universities and colleges may investigate papers they suspect are from an essay mill by using Internet plagiarism detection software, which compares essays against a database of known mill essays and by orally testing students on the contents of their papers. citation needed Forms and styles This section describes the different forms and styles of essay writing. These forms and styles are used by an array of authors, including university students and professional essayists. Cause and effect The defining features of a cause and effect essay are causal chains that connect from a cause to an effect, careful language, and chronological or emphatic order. A writer using this rhetorical method must consider the subject, determine the purpose, consider the audience, think critically about different causes or consequences, consider a thesis statement, arrange the parts, consider the language, and decide on a conclusion. 7 Classification and division Classification is the categorization of objects into a larger whole while division is the breaking of a larger whole into smaller parts. Compare and contrast Compare and contrast essays are characterized by a basis for comparison, points of comparison, and analogies. It is grouped by object (chunking) or by point (sequential). Comparison highlights the similarities between two or more similar objects while contrasting highlights the differences between two or more objects. When writing a compare/contrast essay, writers need to determine their purpose, consider their audience, consider the basis and points of comparison, consider their thesis statement, arrange and develop the comparison, and reach a conclusion. Compare and contrast is arranged emphatically. 9 Descriptive Descriptive writing is characterized by sensory details, which appeal to the physical senses, and details that appeal to a readers emotional, physical, or intellectual sensibilities. Determining the purpose, considering the audience, creating a dominant impression, using descriptive language, and organizing the description are the rhetorical choices to consider when using a description. A description is usually arranged spatially but can also be chronological or emphatic. The focus of a description is the scene. .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2 , .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2 .postImageUrl , .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2 , .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2:hover , .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2:visited , .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2:active { border:0!important; } .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2:active , .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2 .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf021a54a97a4086d5d02e84445482cf2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Should the Internet be censored EssayDescription uses tools such as denotative language, connotative language, figurative language, metaphor, and simile to arrive at a dominant impression. 10 One university essay guide states that descriptive writing says what happened or what another author has discussed it provides an account of the topic. 11 Lyric essays are an important form of descriptive essays. Dialectic In the dialectic form of essay, which is commonly used in Philosophy, the writer makes a thesis and argument, then objects to their own argument (with a counterargument), but then counters the counterargument with a final and novel argument. This form benefits from presenting a broader perspective while countering a possible flaw that some may present. Exemplification An exemplification essay is characterized by a generalization and relevant, representative, and believable examples including anecdotes. Writers need to consider their subject, determine their purpose, consider their audience, decide on specific examples, and arrange all the parts together when writing an exemplification essay. 12 Malthus Essay on the Principle of Population Familiar Familiar essays are ones in which essayists speak as if to a single reader, writing about both themselves, and about particular subjects. Anne Fadiman notes that the genres heyday was the early nineteenth century, and that its greatest exponent was Charles Lamb. 13 She also suggests that while critical essays have more brain than heart, and personal essays have more heart than brain, familiar essays have equal measures of both. 14 History (thesis) A history essay, sometimes referred to as a thesis essay, describes an argument or claim about one or more historical events and supports that claim with evidence, arguments, and references. The text makes it clear to the reader why the argument or claim is as such. 15 Narrative A narrative uses tools such as flashbacks, flash-forwards, and transitions that often build to a climax. The focus of a narrative is the plot. When creating a narrative, authors must determine their purpose, consider their audience, establish their point of view, use dialogue, and organize the narrative. A narrative is usually arranged chronologically. 16 Argumentative An argumentative essay is a critical piece of writing, aimed at presenting objective analysis of the subject matter, narrowed down to a single topic. The main idea of all the criticism is to provide an opinion either of positive or negative implication. As such, a critical essay requires research and analysis, strong internal logic and sharp structure. Each argument should be supported with sufficient evidence, relevant to the point. Economic An economic essay can start with a thesis, or it can start with a theme. It can take a narrative course and a descriptive course. It can even become an argumentative essay if the author feels the need. After the introduction the author has to do his/her best to expose the economic matter at hand, to analyse it, evaluate it, and draw a conclusion. If the essay takes more of a narrative form then the author has to expose each aspect of the economic puzzle in a way that makes it clear and understandable for the reader Reflective A reflective essay is an analytical piece of writing in which the writer describes a real or imaginary scene, event, interaction, passing thought, memory, or form adding a personal reflection on the meaning of the topic in the authors life. Thus, the focus is not merely descriptive. The writer doesnt just describe the situation, but revisits the scene with more detail and emotion to examine what went well, or reveal a need for additional learning and may relate what transpired to the rest of the authors life. Other logical structures The logical progression and organizational structure of an essay can take many forms. Understanding how the movement of thought is managed through an essay has a profound impact on its overall cogency and ability to impress. A number of alternative logical structures for essays have been visualized as diagrams, making them easy to implement or adapt in the construction of an argument. Magazine or newspaper Essays often appear in magazines, especially magazines with an intellectual bent, such as The Atlantic and Harpers. Magazine and newspaper essays use many of the essay types described in the section on forms and styles (e. g. , descriptive essays, narrative essays, etc. ). Some newspapers also print essays in the op-ed section. An 1895 cover of Harpers, a US magazine that prints a number of essays per issue. Employment Employment essays detailing experience in a certain occupational field are required when applying for some jobs, especially government jobs in the United States. Essays known as Knowledge Skills and Executive Core Qualifications are required when applying to certain US federal government positions. A KSA, or Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities, is a series of narrative statements that are required when applying to Federal government job openings in the United States. KSAs are used along with resumes to determine who the best applicants are when several candidates qualify for a job. The knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for the successful performance of a position are contained on each job vacancy announcement. KSAs are brief and focused essays about ones career and educational background that presumably qualify one to perform the duties of the position being applied for. An Executive Core Qualification, or ECQ, is a narrative statement that is required when applying to Senior Executive Service positions within the US Federal government. Like the KSAs, ECQs are used along with resumes to determine who the best applicants are when several candidates qualify for a job. The Office of Personnel Management has established five executive core qualifications that all applicants seeking to enter the Senior Executive Service must demonstrate.

Problems in Education in Society essays

Problems in Education in Society essays According to "A Nation at Risk", the American education system has declined due to a "rising tide of mediocrity" in our schools. States such as New York have responded to the findings and recommendations of the report by implementing such strategies as the "Regents Action Plan" and the "New Compact for Learning". In the early 1980s, President Regan ordered a national commission to study our education system. The findings of this commission were that, compared with other industrialized nations, our education system is grossly inadequate in meeting the standards of education that many other countries have developed. At one time, America was the world leader in technology, service, and industry, but overconfidence based on a historical belief in our superiority has caused our nation to fall behind the rapidly growing competitive market in the world with regard to education. The report in some respects is an unfair comparison of our education system, which does not have a national standard for goals, curriculum, or regulations, with other countries that do, but the findings nevertheless reflect the need for change. Our education system at this time is regulated by states which implement their own curriculum, set their own goals and have their own requirements for teacher preparation. Combined with this is the fact that we have lowered our expectations in these areas, thus we are not providing an equal or quality education to all students across the country. The commission findings generated recommendations to improve the content of education and raise the standards of student achievement, particularly in testing, increase the time spent on education and provide incentives to encourage more individuals to enter the field of education as well as improving N.Y. State responded to these recommendations by first implementing the Reg...

Spartan Warriors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Spartan Warriors - Essay Example Spartan warriors' military fitness, as mentioned began specifically at birth. One of the immediate tests was when the mother of the child literally bathed in wine. This test already claimed its effectiveness in selecting who were the children fitted to be warriors through their survival (Schrader 2007). The test though didn't end there. Upon the survival of the child from the test, the decision about the child's future will be subject under the elders' judgment, if the child was to be reared as warrior or not. A child who survived but had founded with defective or weak was also considered useless. This child will be subject under the abandonment in the wild slopes of Mount Taygetos or Apothethae. The place was already known as a place of rejection (Schrader 2007). This practice was believed by the Spartans as way to preserve and maintain the high physical standard in their race. Spartan warriors were expected in absoluteness regarding physical strength and capability (Stark 1997). Another Spartan custom to eliminate the weak in their race was the throwing into a pit of the defective child. A cloak and nothing else would be the only clothing that provided for boys 12 years of age and below, was also a test for their physical health that was essential for fitness. Another test for their living condition was through hunger. ... Growing up in Spartan society was tougher for the Spartan boys than the girls. Officials assembled the young boys for primary fighting orientation. Spartan boys were expected to be grouped by age. They would then fight with each other, and the toughest boy would be the leader. (Connoly 1979) Another test for their living condition was through hunger. Spartan boys were being purposely underfed. This condition was to test them their hunting skills, up to the extent of motivating them to steal purposely the food in the supplies. Along with the test of hunger, they were also commanded to sleep in the bare ground. In fact, during the earliest days of Sparta, a citizen's life was completely and strictly submitted under the Spartan state. One of the moral trainings of Spartan warriors was the obedience to their laws (Connoly 1979). At this early stage, Spartan boys were already being exposed in the ruthlessness of killing. This was to set them prepared for the future military life that awaits them. They were being taught handling of arms and armor. They were also encouraged to develop their own guile and savage skill necessary for fighting. They were even enforced to experience actual murdering and slaughtering once they were being sent to hunt for declining slaves. Strict discipline in fighting was also enforced to them. (Paparykarious 2000) During boyhood, the young citizen was required to leave home for military boarding school. It was in their law that young Spartan was required to serve in the army, from age seven up to thirty years of age (Connoly 1979). In the army, their education put emphasis on physical toughness, faithful in military ranks, and absolute obedience to orders. They are identified as hoplite or a