An Introduction to Dog Intelligence and Emotion

An Introduction to Dog Intelligence and Emotion We feed them, we let them rest in our beds, we play with them, we even converse with them. What's more, obviously, we love them. Any canine proprietor will reveal to you that their pet has a wonderful ability to comprehend their general surroundings. What's more, they’re right. Researchers have made sense of extraordinary approaches to discover precisely what human’s closest companion is able to do. The Science of Animal Cognition In the course of recent years, perhaps the greatest development in our human comprehension of doggie cognizance has been the utilization of MRI machines to examine hound cerebrums. X-ray represents attractive reverberation imaging, the way toward taking a continuous image of what parts of the cerebrum are illuminating through what outer boosts. Mutts, as any doggie parent knows, are exceptionally trainable. This trainable nature makes hounds incredible contender for MRI machines, dissimilar to non-tamed wild creatures like fowls or bears. Ragen McGowan, a researcher at Nestlã © Purina work in hound discernment, exploits a particular kind of MRI machine, the fMRI (which represents utilitarian MRI), to examine these creatures. These machines recognize changes in blood stream and utilize that to quantify mind movement. Through continuous examination, McGowan has discovered a ton about animalâ cognition and emotions. In an investigation done in 2015, McGowan found that a human’s nearness prompts expanded blood stream to a dog’s eyes, ears and paws, which implies the pooch is energized. McGowan additionally considered what happens to hounds when they are being petted. We’ve known for quite a while that for people, petting a dearest creature can prompt lower paces of pressure and uneasiness. All things considered, it turns out the equivalent is valid for hounds. At the point when people pet sanctuary hounds for 15 minutes or more, the dog’s pulse diminishes and it turns out to be less on edge by and large. Another ongoing investigation on hound comprehension found that our darling partner creatures can differentiate in our passionate articulations. In another examination finished with the fMRI machine, researchers found that not exclusively can hounds differentiate among upbeat and miserable human faces, they additionally react diversely to them. As Smart as Children Creature therapists have timed pooch knowledge at directly around that of a two to more than multi year-old human kid. The 2009 investigation which inspected this found canines can comprehend up to 250 words and motions. Significantly additionally astonishing, a similar report found that canines can really check low numbers (up to five) and even do straightforward math. What's more, have you at any point encountered the feelings of your pooch while you’re petting another creature or focusing on something different? Do you envision they feel something like human envy? All things considered, there’s science to back this up, as well. Studies have discovered that canines do, indeed, experience desire. That, however hounds put forth a valiant effort to make sense of how to â€Å"handle† the thing that’s taking their parent’s consideration - and on the off chance that they need to constrain the consideration back on them, they will. Canines have been read for their compassion, also. A recent report analyzed dogs’ conduct towards bothered people that weren’t their proprietors. While the examination inferred that canines show a sympathy like conduct, the researchers composing the report concluded that it might be better clarified as â€Å"emotional contagion† and a past filled with being remunerated for this kind of passionate sharpness. Is it compassion? All things considered, it sure appears it. Various different examinations on hound conduct, feeling, and knowledge have discovered that hounds â€Å"eavesdrop† on human associations to evaluate who is mean to their proprietor and who isn’t and that mutts follow their human’s look. These examinations may simply be a glimpse of something larger with regards to our finding out about canines. Also, with respect to doggie guardians? All things considered, they may know significantly more than all of us, just by watching their best canine friends consistently. The examinations done on hound insight all light up a certain something: that people may realize significantly less about canine minds than we recently suspected. Over the long haul, an ever increasing number of researchers are getting inspired by creature research, and with each new examination done, we discover progressively about how our cherished pets think.

Ellen Goodman Columnist Essay

Ellen Goodman, a Pulitzer prize winning journalist, creator, speaker, and analyst who will not consider herself an intellectual. Ellen has for some time been a writer of social change in America, particularly the women’s development and consequences for our open, private lives, and has gone through the majority of her time on earth chronicling social change and its effect on American life. As a Pulitzer Prize winning editorialist she was one of the primary ladies to open up the pages to women’s voices and became, as per Media Watch, the most generally coordinated dynamic reporter in the country.Proof of her solid enthusiasm for impacts on a normal American life, her section titled â€Å"Dispensing Morality† shows only that. In her segment, she communicates how those in callings and professions should maintain whatever authority is needed to circulate medications or anything that can hurt somebody, regardless of whether it’s aims is to help, if the choice o n giving it out clashes with their morals, ethics, and qualities. She utilizes situations of circumstance like those and non-serious inquiries to demonstrate a point dependent on ethos with a slight bit of sentiment; while she utilizes measurements of a lot of cases, realities, master assessments to speak to the reader’s logos.She parts of the bargains saying: â€Å".. last time I looked, the drug specialist's permit did exclude the option to administer ethical quality. † Matching the final word with accurate title of her section gives it a genuine end showing how genuine she is about the subject. In another segment of Goodman’s, â€Å"Those Poor College Conservatives† she strikingly shows how governmental issues doesn't just have a great spotlight as the country as its theater, yet it additionally has a school level field where understudies can take the underlying stand of having excellent discussions as would congresspersons and different authorities pe rform when pursuing position of any kind.Here she utilizes measurements of the amount Democrats there is for one Republican in the colleges of Stanford and Berkeley to demonstrate how much national legislative issues is affected by understudies who, as we probably am aware, are the cutting edge †what's to come. She additionally utilizes ExxonMobil; The Independent Women's Forum; and a statement of Harvey Mansfield, a Harvard traditionalist, to add on to her utilization logos what's more with her measurements. Be that as it may, as much as legitimate this section might be, she utilizes her solid conclusions to incorporate feeling to favor to reader’s feelings, ethics, and beliefs.This segment shows the amount of an assurance Goodman has toward the comprehensiveness of American lives. One section of hers unmistakably displays her drive for correcting wrongs of America. In Goodman’s segment, â€Å"Will Her Voice Ever Be Heard? † she goes to bat for outside jou rnalists to have the option to have distributed books in the United States. This segment for the most part encompasses Iranian essayist, Shirin Ebadi, who was the principal Iranian lady to turn into an appointed authority and the first to get a Nobel Prize, who’s been shunned by the administration in light of the fact that she’s Iranian and the American government won't permit individuals who the nation fears and is at present in war with.Goodman utilizes the foundation and story of Ebadi to pass on the challenges she has had so as to have her books distributed, those path are a case of sentiment since it is endeavoring to draw in the reader’s passionate state. The writer likewise utilizes realities uncovering segregation, for example, â€Å"A law written in 1917 permits the president to bar exchanges during times of war or national crisis. It was changed twice to absolve publishers.Nevertheless, the Treasury Department in its insight has decided that it's unla wful even to improve the benefit of anything made in Iran without consent. † To speak to the audience’s logos state. The reason for this article is to strike up people’s ethos so they will likewise go to bat for those like Ebadi and ideally let them have a portion of this â€Å"country of opportunity. † Ellen Goodman, as of now doesn't compose sections, nonetheless, as expressed prior, she is viewed as one of the most developed journalist in the country.Her enthusiastic segments of legitimizing the treacherous in America really represents her adoration for this country and the amount she needs to make it a perfect land for its residents as well as for those looking for freedom and opportunity. Through her utilization of feeling, ethos, and logos she wants to please everyone’s feelings, worth, and scholarly mentalities, in this way spreading her drive and inspiration toward others. Her objective for creating such section makes her an amazing author à ¢â‚¬ not for cash, not for acclaim, not for wonder, however to contact reader’s hearts for good.

Encyclopedia of Business Ethics and Society

Question: Examine about the Encyclopedia of Business Ethics and Society. Answer: Presentation: Isabel Arnett settled on the choice to deny the grant individuals to lead additional examination inside the partnership so as to change the conceivable negative impacts of Kafluk as she didn't give the symptoms of the immunization. Likewise, the knew that if such a large number of individuals were falling wiped out and were getting hurt by the antibody then it might have certain negative impacts which would hurt his notoriety and his business. Accordingly, it was viewed as against the business morals that it possibly considered benefit of the association though in the event that she would have followed the moral way, at that point it would have settled on the choice in the kindness of the network on the loose. There have been various reasons according to which such moral issues happen in the business yet for this situation the fundamental explanation was the thought process of gaining benefit. Arnett just idea about creation huge benefits so it made an immunization with the goal that the feathered creature influenza which was winning in the state could be made sure about. As, if all the organizations carefully hold fast to the point of amplifying their benefit then they would not government assistance the network everywhere and would just concentrate on their own government assistance. Additionally utilizing in dishonest acts implies that the company couldn't pull off it for example no individual could ever pick up information on their unethical occasions (Ali, 2015). No, a person who stick on to the standard of benefits so as to trust it moral for Arnett to not to uncover the plausible security worries and decrease to execute advantageous examination on Kafluk. As they guess that a significant issue in molding whether an exchange decision which was taken was moral or not would be chosen by confirming that how the choice influences the benefits of others. Others incorporate the clients, workers and society as entirety. Furthermore, for this situation just private benefit settling on was the premise whereupon choice was taken and the government assistance of society was turned away. Thus, the choice would be unscrupulous (Kolb, 2008). Regardless of whether Kafluk would have disallowed 50 Asian people who were sullied with feathered creature influenza from bombing then likewise, it would not have changed the moral thought in this situation. It was not altered on the grounds that the Duty Based morals of the exchange expresses that customarily when the standard of conduct gets from uncovered certainties, strict specialists it includes the idea of good and bad. Hence, it could be expressed that the choice regardless of whether people were ensured by the immunization yet the choice taken would in any case be considered as dishonest and against the business (Weiss, 2008). No, Tamik or Arnett didn't repudiate the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act for this situation as the Act explicitly forbid the pay off of a large portion of the officials of remote organizations if the point of making imbursement was to rouse the official to give exchange opportunity which didn't happen for this situation. For this situation just government assistance of network overall was stifled by benefit creation of the association (Clarkson, et al., 2014). References Ali, A.J. (2015). Handbook of Research on Islamic Business Ethics Research Handbooks in Business and Management arrangement. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. Clarkson, K.W., Miller, R.L., Cross, F.B. (2014). Business Law: Text and Cases. (thirteenth ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Kolb, R.W. (2008). Reference book of Business Ethics and Society, Volume 1 A Sage reference production Encyclopedia of Business Ethics and Society. California: SAGE. Weiss, J. (2008). Business Ethics: A Stakeholder and Issues Management Approach. (fifth ed.). USA: Cengage Learning.

Hiset Essay Topics 2018 Guide

Hiset Essay Topics 2018 Guide The Basics of Hiset Essay Topics 2018 Perform extensive research on the subject of your choice and make an impressive persuasive speech that individuals will remember for long. Not all folks are suicidal that manner. Many people wind up covering the exact same tired topics they see in the media every day, only because they can't produce a better idea. Generally, professors give a lot of freedom in picking out persuasive essay topics. For this reason, you've got to locate enough substantial evidence for the specific topic. You're a true topic enthusiast! Apparently, you ought not purposely select a topic that will bore your audience. Naturally, topics which are still relevant in 2018 are the very best. Sure, with this kind of a substantial selection of topics to select from, picking just one may be challenging. In any case, direct and indirect quotes are required to support your understanding of academic writing style. The list you will discover here is not aiming high simply to persuade people who you're right. In reality, you will find dozens of resources on the internet that is going to teach you just how to write persuasively. To begin with, if you're arranging a persuasive speech, you ought to think about a topic that could create mental pictures in the minds of your audience. There are those who do not support such decisions. You may trust us to offer expert aid for many of your academic writing needs. The goal of brainstorming is to help you receive ideas. Then you're interested in figuring out how to compose persuasive paper. Freedom of choice is fantastic. Thus, a speech should be organized. A persuasive speech resembles a difficult challenge for many students. Good persuasive essay topics need to be persuasive. Remember, they don't have to be politically correct all the time, they can be controversial. Persuasive essays share a good deal of resemblance with argumentative essays. In general, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. Anyway, below, you will find topic that are excellent for both scenarios. A broad subject always seems simpler to write about as you are able to discover a lot of materials about it. The issue, nevertheless, is that not all businesses can be relied upon in order to deliver quality essays on time so you need to be cautious in selecting one. On-line teachings isn't a good idea. You also debate whether the topic is politically accurate. Still, you must make your topic more specific. Qualities of a fantastic persuasive essay topic The topic needs to be specific. Most issues can have essays on all the aforementioned questions. You don't need to puzzle over an issue. There's a significant remedy to your issue!

Examples of Interviewing Techniques

In composition, an interview is a  conversation in which one person (the interviewer) elicits information from another person (the subject or interviewee). A transcript or account of such a conversation is also called an interview. The interview is both a research method and a popular form of nonfiction. EtymologyFrom the Latin, between see Methods and Observations Interviewing Tips The following interviewing tips have been adapted from Chapter 12, Writing about People: The Interview, of William Zinssers book On Writing Well (HarperCollins, 2006). Choose as your subject someone whose job [or experience] is so important or so interesting or so unusual that the average reader would want to read about that person. In other words, choose someone who touches some corner of the readers life.Before the interview, make a list of questions to ask your subject.Get people talking. Learn to ask questions that will elicit answers about what is most interesting or vivid in their lives.Take notes during the interview. If you have trouble keeping up with your subject, just say, Hold it a minute, please, and write until you catch up.Use a combination of direct quotations and summaries. If the speakers conversation is ragged, ... the writer has no choice but to clean up the English and provide the missing links... Whats wrong... is to fabricate quotes or to surmise what someone might have said. To get the facts right, remember that you can call [or revisit] the person you interviewed. Honor Moore When I first began talking to people, I tended to monopolize the conversation, to steer my subject to my own interpretation of Margaretts life. Listening to my tapes, I learned that I often interrupted people just before they were about to tell me something I never would have suspected, so now I tried to let the subject guide the interview and to encourage the interviewees anecdotes. I came to understand that I was interviewing people not to substantiate my own theories but to learn Margaretts story.–Twelve Years and Counting: Writing Biography. Writing Creative Nonfiction, 2001 Elizabeth Chiseri-Strater and Bonnie Stone-Sunstein When we interview, we are not extracting information like a dentist pulls a tooth, but we make meaning together like two dancers, one leading and one following. Interview questions range between closed and open. Closed questions are like those we fill out in popular magazines or application forms: How many years of schooling have you had? Do you rent your apartment? Do you own a car?... Some closed questions are essential for gathering background data,... [but] these questions often yield single phrase answers and can shut down further talk...Open questions, by contrast, help elicit your informants perspective and allow for more conversational exchange. Because there is no single answer to open-ended questions, you will need to listen, respond, and follow the informants lead...Here are some very general open questions—sometimes called experimental and descriptive—that try to get the informant to share experiences or to describe them from his or her own point of view: Tell me more about the time when...Describe the people who were most important to...Describe the first time you...Tell me about the person who taught you about...What stands out for you when you remember...Tell me the story behind that interesting item you have.Describe a typical day in your life. When thinking of questions to ask an informant, make your informant your teacher.–FieldWorking: Reading and Writing Research, 1997 John McPhee In the way that a documentary-film crew can, by its very presence, alter a scene it is filming, a tape recorder can affect the milieu of an interview. Some interviewees will shift their gaze and talk to the recorder rather than to you. Moreover, you may find yourself not listening to the answer to a question you have asked. Use a tape recorder, yes, but maybe not as a first choice—more like a relief pitcher.–Elicitation. The New Yorker, April 7, 2014

Labor And Management Of The Industrial Society Essay

ABSTRACT: Labour and management compose an important and integral part of our industrial society. These groups work as pair of opposites and their divergent interests clash at some point or the other. Despite all the emphasis laid by social scientists on the common goal and the virtues of industrial harmony, conflict has become an inherent feature of modern system of production. The problems of industrial conflict are not new. The past has witnessed many intense and sometimes violent disputes. These conflicts arose from the organized efforts of the working people to improve their economic, social and working conditions. In this study an analysis of the relationship between the labour and management, and their occurrence of strikes in the industrial society will be done. The study would also involve the understanding of the instruments used to bargain and negotiate by both the parties. LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND: All industrial strikes or any conflict do not just happen without a trigger. It is used as a powerful weapon by the trade unions and other labour association to get their demands accepted from their employer, government and any other entities that they work for. Workers mainly carry on the strike by collectively quitting and ceasing to work in an industry for the purpose of pressurizing their employers so that their demands are met. According to Industrial Disputes Act 1947, a strike is â€Å"a cessation of work by a body of persons employed in anShow MoreRelatedAssignment on Industrial Relations, Bangladesh1076 Words   |  5 PagesSummary: Industrial relations is used to denote the collective relationships between management and the workers. 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Helps In Building Goodwill In The Market †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Helps In Building Goodwill In The Market? Answer: Introduction Trademark is a mark or sign which helps in distinguishing a specific product or service from another product or service (Bently Sherman, 2014). The trademark can consist of letters, words, designs, pictures or symbols. It can also be a combination of any two factors or all the factors. Trademark has become an important part in the modern business world as it has become important that a specific product can be differentiated from another product. The goodwill of a business or its product also depends on the trademark it is using (Corones, 2014). When a certain trademark gains importance in the market, people start to recognize the product through its distinguishing feature. Therefore, trademark is a way of identifying a product or service of a specific company. A trademark is a way of distinguishing a brand or its product. A trademark becomes well known due to its constant use and quality. A well known trademark is preferred by customers. Intellectual Property is the wider concept of which Trademark forms a part. The other parts which come under Intellectual Property include Patents, Copyright, Trade Secrets and others. Coming to Australia it has a properly developed legal system. The legal system is concrete enough to safeguard the property of businessmen and other individuals. Trademarks can be registered for businesses as a marketing scheme. Once a trademark is registered then the property of the said person is legally protected. Other people are prevented from using their brand. Safeguarding of property and the brand is very important because without that some person might steal the brand and make it their own. Following trademark protection, patent protection is also very important. In Australia patent protection exists so that no third party intervention is possible. This means that if a person has patent rights then no third party has the right to use, sell or manufacture the product. Thus it can be seen that both trademarks and patents are important when it comes to safeguarding any property.; Discussion This start up business has applied the above diagram to be registered as trademark for the business related activities and its products. This business deals in agriculture and mining sector. The main targets of this innovative enterprise are the companies and businesses which work in mining sector (Davis, 2012). It aims to provide new and innovative products which can be used for better mining. The Mining companies often during the heap leaching cycle face with the problem of presence of solid particles or pollutants in the reused water which in turn results into clogging. Such problem arises when the mining firms try to extract the gold and copper from their respective mines (Drahos, 2016). The water creates a problem during the process of mining as it flows through the same dipper twice in the cycle. Here the start up firm FLNN- Solution to Irrigation will help in providing the products which will eliminate or reduce this problem. The start-up firm will try supply the product which will help in maintaining a uniform coverage and high functionality. This can be achieved if the supplied product ensures that the solid particles or pollutants are self-flushed out in the filtration area during the heap leaching cycle (Fromer, 2012). As a result high metal will be recovered by the mining factories. This solution will help the company to earn more metal with less cost and problems and more profit. While choosing or designing a trademark for a product certain factors have to be kept in mind. First of all, the trademark should be innovative and not in everyday use. A used trademark cannot be applied for registration. The future use of a previously used trademark by another company will confuse people and also it will be held as illegal. Secondly, trademark should be designed in such a way that it contains uniqueness. It can consist of marks, letters, words or symbols or combination of all (Hattie, 2014). The present diagram shown above is such an example. It is a combination of letters, words, symbols and design. This diagram is a combination of all. It has not been previously used and so it can be applied for registration. Thirdly, the trademark should be designed in such a manner that it can show its purpose or what is it representing (Marsoof, 2013). The above diagrams background shows symbols and picture of factories and smoke rising from the chimneys which represents the mi ning factories and companies. The diagram also contains a picture of world which represents the fact that the company provides solutions worldwide. The word FLYNN is an innovative and new one and has not been used previously to denote any company or mining factory. The combination of words Solution to Irrigation shows that the company or firm deals with the problems in irrigation sector and provide solutions thereof. It can therefore be concluded that the above shown diagram is appropriate and can be applied for registration. As already mentioned above the trademark is a mark or sign used to distinguish product or service of one person or company from the products or services rendered by another person or company in course of business or trade (Trappey Trappey, 2015). A trademark can be of various types, such as certification marks, collective marks, service marks, word marks, device marks, well known marks, unconventional marks consisting of series of trademarks, sound marks, color marks, movement marks, shape marks, combination marks, etc. Certification trademark deals with the certificate given to a trader for its product to signify that the product has succeeded in meeting its prescribed standards of quality and safety. In collective tradem ark a group of companies safeguard their product by choosing a specific trademark jointly to denote represent their group of companies and products. In service trademark the services rendered by a person or firm are set apart from the services offered by another person or firm. The people here can choose the services of a particular firm. In word trademark the mark can consist of either word or numbers or a combination of both. In device marks the device is represented by its distinguishing feature and uniqueness. Well known marks are used when it is widely perceived and recognized by a large number of people. A well known mark is greater protected because of its well known use by a large population of people. Unconventional marks are those marks which are distinguished or represented by its color or shape or sound or any such other feature which will be unique and distinctive. The innovative product that is to be supplied to the mining factories can be registered either under the d evice marks, certification marks or unconventional trademark. The certification mark will be more preferred compared to others as this mark will show that the products of the firm are certified to be safe in its quality. The products if certified to be safe and has met its standards then such product will be more marketable. People are more prone towards buying things which are of quality and safe to use. In Australia, the Government has a specific and separate agency or department to look into the matters dealing with intellectual property. The Trademark Act is governed by IP Australia, a governmental agency under the Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources. To register a mark as trademark in Australia, the firm or the trader or the manufacturer has to fill up an application form and submit the completed form to the IP Australia. Such submitted form will be checked by the examiner of trademarks. The examination usually takes three to four months to complete. The examiner will verify few things, such as whether the mark has been previously registered or not, whether the mark is well known and use by another person or not, whether the form has the complete details regarding the mark and nature of business. He will check whether all the prescribed formalities have been complied with or not. It is the duty of the examiner to point out the errors, if any, in the application form. The successful mark then will be published in the Australian Official Journal of Trademarks. This is an official publication by the IP Australia which lays down the rules for application, examination and registration of trademarks (Waelde et al., 2013). After the mar ks with its details are published in the Australian Official Journal of Trademarks, three months time will be given for opposing the mark. Any third party can oppose the mark provided he has valid reasons to do so. The applicant will be given an opportunity of being heard if such mark is opposed by another person. Thereafter, if there is no opposition against the mark or the oppositions made are found to be not reasonable then a certificate of registration will be issued. Generally, the term of the registration is ten years. After the expiry of the term, the mark can be renewed for another ten years. However, a trademark can be removed on the ground of non-use or inactive for a long period of time. Sometimes, however, it might happen that an application form has been rejected (Waelde et al., 2013). There are various grounds for such rejection, such as incomplete form, lack of details regarding the product or mark, all the formalities has not been complied with, fee has not been subm itted properly, goods or services has been specified under the wrong class or section, etc. In such cases where the form does not meet all the prescribed criteria and formalities, the examiner will send a report to the applicant pointing out the errors and explaining the problems in the application. The report will also state the examiners reasons for rejecting the application and also the solution to rectify such errors. The applicant can then again submit the application rectifying all the errors. The form will then again be considered for registration. This time, if the form is successful in complying will all the formalities, then the mark with all its details will be published and be considered for registration. A registered trademark is recognized as valid in eyes of law and legal procedures can be initiated if such mark is infringed. Conclusion Thus from the above discussion it can be seen how trademark as part of Intellectual Property plays a huge role whenever it comes to building up any enterprise. In this case study the whole focus was on how Intellectual Property Law would apply when it came to a start up regarding irrigation. Reference List: Bently, L., Sherman, B. (2014). Intellectual property law. Oxford University Press, USA. Corones, S. G. (2014). Competition law in Australia. Thomson Reuters Australia, Limited. Davis, J. (2012). Intellectual Property Law Core Text. Oxford university press. Drahos, P. (2016). A philosophy of intellectual property. Routledge. Fromer, J. C. (2012). Expressive Incentives in Intellectual Property. Virginia Law Review, 1745-1824. Hattie, J. (2014). Self-concept. Psychology Press. Marsoof, A. (2013). Online service providers and third party trademark infringement: an Australian perspective. International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 22(2), 75-106. Trappey, C. V., Trappey, A. J. (2015). Collective intelligence applied to legal e-discovery: A ten-year case study of Australia franchise and trademark litigation. Advanced Engineering Informatics, 29(4), 787-798. Waelde, C., Laurie, G., Brown, A., Cornwell, J., Kheria, S. (2013). Contemporary intellectual property: Law and policy. Oxford University Press. Waelde, C., Laurie, G., Brown, A., Cornwell, J., Kheria, S. (2013). Contemporary intellectual property: Law and policy. Oxford University Press.

Pros and Cons of a Dry Campus Essay Example

Pros and Cons of a Dry Campus Paper Every year, universities always have the same issue regarding alcohol. Students are constantly getting in trouble for possession or consumption. Here at Eastern Connecticut State University, the policy is a dry campus. This means that alcohol is completely prohibited on campus. There are many opinions when it comes to this choice, as there are also many pros and cons to it. One pro of having a dry campus is that students can find other events to go to. Eastern often offers other events where students can do and socialize, promoting a night without alcohol. Students can also join clubs, intramurals, sports, etc. All of these clubs and events offer a positive influence on the students by keeping them busy. According to a friend and student of the school, one event that the University of Maryland sponsors is the â€Å"Spring Party Challenge. † This is where students are encouraged to throw the best party possible without the availability of alcohol. The winner of this event will receive $300 and two runner-ups will receive $100 each. Although Eastern does not offer an event like this, it does have other fun things to do like the monthly â€Å"Fridays After Dark† events or even free pancakes on Thursday nights sponsored by the Christian Fellowship group. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of a Dry Campus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of a Dry Campus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of a Dry Campus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another pro of having a dry campus is for the school itself. Because more than half the students at universities are underage, having a dry campus is a smart choice for schools. This is because it makes them not liable for any incidents that may happen to their students involving alcohol. With a written document, it’s rather difficult to blame the school for anything that could happen. An issue involving this is the amount of death of college students throughout the years. According to Collegedrinkingprevention. rg, â€Å"1,825 college students between the ages of 18 and 24 died from alcohol-related unintentional injuries including motor vehicle crashes† (article reviewed in 2010, year of statistic not available). The issue here is that by making a school a dry campus, students are more prone to not drink on the properties, thus making it a safer campus. On the other hand, students will go out to drink, trying to avoid getting written up. Students will drive off of camp us to go somewhere else, then having to drive back home afterwards. The problem with this that it will leave students stranded or making poor decisions, particularly without a designated driver. From personal experience, I’ve gotten a ride from a friend who said he was â€Å"alright† to drive, only later finding out that he was â€Å"buzzed. † His reasoning for volunteering to drive was that it was his car and we needed to get back to campus. Once safely on campus, he admitted that he should not have gotten behind the wheel because he knew it was dangerous. If the campus is not dry, then students are more likely to stay on campus to enjoy a few drinks, reducing the amount of drunk driving. Continuing on cons, another reason that students dislike having a dry campus is that they feel as though they aren’t as independent as they like to be. A lot of students choose to live on campus because they want to escape their parents and live life they way they chose. I feel that students should have the choice of drinking or not drinking, regardless of their age. I believe that it should be his/her choice as to whether or not they want to go to class with a splitting headache or if they choose to do something stupid while intoxicated. These students are old enough to make decisions and they should know what is right and wrong. We are old enough to fend for ourselves and to decide what we want to do with our lives. If we choose to spend all our money and skip classes the next day because of alcohol, then so be it. We are making these choices; therefore we should learn to live with the consequences. Personally, I feel that although all these deaths and injuries that occur because of alcohol, is actually the person. Yes there are more alcohol related incidents for college students, but that’s also because these students have no self-control and are not responsible for what they are doing. However, it’s not just happening in college. It’s happening everywhere, regardless of location. I do believe, however, that students who are underage should get punished when caught because they are breaking a law, not just a rule. In conclusion, I am not completely sure whether or not it is better to have dry campus. There are a lot of cons but there are also a lot of pros to it too. I think that it depends on the students and geography of the school.

Mercury Effect on Seed Germination Essays

Mercury Effect on Seed Germination Essays Mercury Effect on Seed Germination Essay Mercury Effect on Seed Germination Essay MERCURY EFFECT ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF Capsicum annuum SEEDS NURSHAHIDA BINTI OSMAN Final Year Project Report Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Hons. ) Technology and Plantation Management In the Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology Universiti Teknologi MARA JULY 2012 DECLARATION This Final Year Project is a partial fulfilment of the requirements for a degree of Bachelor of Science (Hons. ) Technology and Plantation Management, Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA. It is entirely my own work and has not been submitted to any other University or higher education institution, or for any other academic award in this University. Where use has been made of the work of other people it has been fully acknowledged and fully referenced. I hereby assign all and every rights in the copyright to this Work to the Universiti Teknologi MARA (â€Å"UiTM†), which henceforth shall be the owner of copyright in this Work and that, any reproduction or use in any form or by any means whatsoever is prohibited without a written consent of UiTM. Candidate’s signature: Date: NURSHAHIDA BINTI OSMAN Name: I hereby declare that I have checked this project and in my opinion, this project is adequate in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Science (Hons. ) Technology and Plantation Management, Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA. Signature:  DR. TSAN FUI YING Name of Supervisor:   SENIOR LECTURER Position: Date: ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Alhamdulliah and praise be to Allah for the guidance and blessing, I was able to complete this final year project. First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Tsan Fui Ying, for her guidance, advice, encouragement, good criticisms and also for he r patience in guiding me throughout final year project. My special thanks from the bottom of my heart go to my parent s and my siblings for their understanding and support during my study in UiTM. Lastly, I would also like to express my special thanks to all my friends who were directly or indirectly involved in giving their ideas, advice, criticism, and moral support throughout the project. Thank you very much. NURSHAHIDA BINTI OSMAN ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ABSTRACT ABSTRAK CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background Of Capsicum annuum 1. 2 Value Of Capsicum annuum 1. 3 Background of the heavy metal 1. 4 Seed germination and growth 1. 5 1. 6 1. 7 1. 8 Problem Statement Objective Of Study Significance Of Study Scope Of Study LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 Source of heavy metal 2. 2 Inhibition of seed germination Environmental effect 2. 3 7 9 12 3 MATERIAL AND METHOD 3. 1 Location of study 3. 2 Test Material 3. 3 Experimental Procedure 3. 4 Data collection 3. 5 Experimental design 3. 6 Statistical analysis 3. 7 Work schedule RESULTS AND DISCUSSION   CONCLUSION   CITED REFERENCES APPENDICES CURRICULUM VITAE iv LIST OF FIGURES Germination of C. annuum seeds after treatment with HgCl2 17 4. 2 Seed germination at the 10th day with HgCl2 treatment at 25mg/l 18 v LIST OF TABLES Table Caption 1. 1 Raw chili peppers (C. annum), nutrient value per 100 g 3. 1 Work schedule for the study on germination and growth of C. nnuum after application of HgCl2 at various concentrations Germination and growth of C. annuum after treatment withHgCl2 4. 1 Page vi 3 16 18 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS UiTM Universiti Teknologi MARA Hg Mercury HgCl2 Mercury chloride mg/l milligram per liter cm Centimeter vii ABSTRACT Mercury Effect on Germination and Growth of Capsicum annuum Seeds A study was carried out to determine the germination and growth of Capsicum annuum after application of mercury chloride (HgCl2) at various concentrations. This study was conducted at Laboratory A603, Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam. A total of 600 C. annuum seeds were used in this study. A total of 5 different concentration s of HgCl2 (0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/l) were applied in this study. The treatments were carried out by means of applying the chemical to the seeds on paper towel in Petri dishes. The application volume was 2 ml per Petri dish at alternate days unless the paper towel was still moist with the previous application of solution. The data in terms of seed germination and growth, included length of radical and plumule, were recorded. This study was based on Complete Randominized Design (CRD) with 5 replicates for each treatment. All the data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and treatment means were compared using Tukey’s Simultaneous Test. The germination and growth of C. annuum was significantly affected by the concentration of the heavy metal under study, especially with concentration ? 50 mg/l. Radical growth was found more sensitive to the presence and concentration of HgCl 2 as compared to plumule with this fruit vegetable species. viii ABSTRAK Kesan Merkuri terhadap Percambahan dan Pertumbuhan Biji Benih Capsicum annuum Satu kajian telah dijalankan untuk menentukan percambahan dan pertumbuhan biji benih Capsicum annuum selepas aplikasi merkuri klorida (HgCl2) pada kepekatan yang berbeza. Kajian ini telah dijalankan di Makmal A603, Fakulti Perladangan dan Agroteknologi, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam. Sebayak 600 biji benih telah digunakan dalam kajian ini. Sebanyak 5 kepekatan HgCl2 (0 (kawalan), 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/l) telah digunakan dalam kajian ini. Rawatan ke atas biji benih adalah dengan menggunakan bahan kimia pada biji benih yang diletakkan di atas tuala kertas dalam piring Petri. Isipadu aplikasi ialah 2 ml bagi setiap piring Petri dan rawatan diulang pada selang 2 hari kecuali tuala kertas masih lembap dengan larutan sebelumnya. Data mengenai percambahan biji benih dan pertumbuhan, termasuk panjang akar dan pucuk, dicatatkan. Kajian ini dijalankan berdasarkan Rekabentuk Rambang Lengkap (CRD) dengan 5 kali pengulangan bagi setiap rawatan. Semua data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan purata rawatan dibandingkan dengan menggunakan Tukey’s Simultaneous Test. Percambahan dan pertumbuhan C. annuum dipengaruhi dengan ketaranya oleh kepekatan logam berat yang dikaji, terutamanya pada kepekatan ? 0 mg/l. Pertumbuhan akar didapati lebih sensitif kepada kehadiran dan kepekatan HgCl2 berbanding dengan pucuk untuk spesis sayuran buah ini. ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background of Capsicum Capsicum annuum is a member of the family Solanaceae and a class of Dicotyledons. It is commonly known as Chili. Capsicum contains high amount of nutritive value such as vitamin C (ascorbic acid), A, B-complex and E along with minerals like molybdenum, manganese, folate, potassium and thiamine. Capsicum contains seven times more vitamin C than orange (Simone et al. , 1997). Capsicum terminology is quite confusing, the terminology is synonymously used for â€Å"chilli pepper† plants called such as pepper, chili, chile, chilli, aji, paprika and Capsicum. There are thought to be 25-30 Capsicum species with five different names, such as C. annuum L. , C. frustescens Mill. , C. baccatum L. , C. chinense and C. pubescens Ruiz and Pavon, which have been domesticated and currently cultivated (Csillery, 2006). Capsicum is the most widespread and widely cultivated species in subtropics and temperate countries (Belletti et al. , 1998). The scientific classification of C. nnuum is as below: 1 Kingdom : Plantae – Plants Class : Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons Subclass : Asteridae Order : Solanales Family : Solanaceae – Potato family Genus : Capsicum L. – Pepper Species : Capsicum annuum L. – cayenne pepper Although the species name annuum means â€Å"annual† (from Latin annus â€Å"year†), the plant is not an annual and in the absence of winter frosts, it can survive several seasons and grow into large perennial shrub. The si ngle flowers are of off-white (sometimes purplish) color while the stem is densely branched and the plant can grow up to 60 centimeter tall. The fruit is berry which may be green, yellow and red when ripe. While the species can tolerate most climates, C. annuum is especially productive in warm and dry climates (Anonymous, 2012 b). 1. 2 Value of capsicum Capsicums have their own benefits and values to human beings. As we know, capsicums are used in cooking and also as medicines. Capsicum is an indispensable spice used as basic ingredient in a great variety of cuisine all over the world. It is also used as flavoring, colorant and adds tang and taste to the otherwise insipid food. Moreover, Capsicum species are employed whole 2 r ground and alone or in combination with other flavorings agents, primarily in the pickles, stewed or barbeques (Ravishankar et al. , 2003). Table 1. 1: Raw chili peppers (C. annum), nutrient value per 100 g Principle Nutrient Value Percentage of RDA Energy 40 Kcal 2% Carbohydrates 8. 81 g 7% Protein 1. 87 g 3% Total Fat 0. 44 g 2% Cholesterol 0 mg 0% Dietary Fiber 1. 5 g 3% Vitamins Folates 23 mcg 6% Niacin 1. 244 mg 8% Pantothenic acid 0. 201 mg 4% Pyridoxine 0. 506 mg 39% Riboflavin 0. 086 mg 6. 5% Thiamin 0. 72 mg 6% Vitamin A 952 IU 32% Vitamin C 143. 7 mg 240% Vitamin E 0. 69 mg 4. % Vitamin K 14 mcg 11. 5% Electrolytes Sodium 9 mg 0. 5% Potassium 322 mg 7% Minerals Calcium 14 mg 1. 5 % Copper 0. 129 mg 14% Iron 1. 03 mg 13% Magnesium 23 mg 6% Manganese 0. 187 mg 8% Phosphorus 43 mg 6% Selenium 0. 5 mcg 1% Zinc 0. 26 mg 2% Phyto-nutrients Carotene-? 534 mcg -Carotene-? 36 mcg -Cryptoxanthin-? 40 mcg -Lutein-zeaxanthin 709 mcg -Source: USDA National Nutrient data base (Anonymous, 2012a) 3 1. 3 Background of heavy metal According to Thomine et al. (2000), metals such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) are necessary as co-factors for many enzymatic reactions. Some metals, such as zinc (Zn), play important structural roles in proteins. Furthermore, metal cations have recently been shown to be involved in signaling in animals and plants. According to Ghavri and Singh (2010) in terms of stabilizing contaminated sites, a lower metal concentration in stem is preferred in order to prevent metal from entering into ecosystem. However, plants also need to control against excessive accumulation of essential cations and toxic heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd2+), lead, mercury, and arsenic. When taken up in excessive quantities, these elements are transferred in the food chain where they may have adverse effects on the health of humans and animals. Heavy metals can enter the food chain via plant uptake (Chayed, 2009). According to Mami (2011) from Guilan University, Rasht, Islamic Republic of Iran, heavy metals have recently received the attention of researchers all over the world, mainly due to also their harmful effect on plant. 1. 4 Seed germination and growth According to the seed physiologists, germination is defined as the emergence of the radical through the seed coat. Basic requirements for germination include water, gases, temperature and moisture availability. 4 According to Vera et al. (2010), exposure to heat and to low pH promotes germination and reduces time to germinate, which indicates that germination is related to passage of fire and to soil pH. Germination is also correlated with wet and cold conditions and dormancy can be classified as being the physiological type. In addition, it well known that temperature, light conditions, nitrates or hormonal treatment may also affect germination. In an experiment conducted by Koger et al. 2004), Caperonia palustris seeds from naturally dehisced with predominant dark gray color were exposed to pre chilling in attempts to break any dormancy mechanism imposed on seed kept at room temperature. Results showed that pre chilling did not release dormancy. Seed germinated with fluctuating 12-h light/dark and constant dark conditions. Seed germination test using buffer solutions of pH 4 to 10 recorded germination of 31 to 62% over a pH range from 4 to 10. Heavy metals may also affect seed germination, mainly believed to be attributed to toxicity effects. They can be hazardous because they cannot be estroyed or despoiled but they are bioaccumulated. 1. 5 Problem statement Capsicum annuum is a kind of fruit vegetable most commonly consumed and its production is of concerned. Like other crops, Capsicum needs to control against excessive accumulation of essential cations and toxic heavy metals for seed development and production. The heavy metals may cause a negative effect to the seed germination and growth. 1. 6 Objective of study The experiment was conducted by considering the objectives of study as below: 1. To determine the mercury effect on germination of C. nnuum seeds. 2. To identify the mercury effect on subsequent initial seedling growth of C. annuum after seed germination. 1. 7 Significance of study This study is important to observe and determine the mercury effect on germination and growth of C. annuum seeds. The result from this study is hoped to provide information on germination and growth of C. annuum seeds as affected by mercury concentration in soil, e. g. ex-mining soils. 1. 8 Scope of Study The experiment conducted to identify the concentration of mercury that may affect germination and growth of C. nnuum seeds involved the seed extraction from fruits, seed treatment with mercury chloride (HgCl2), seed germination recording, measurement of length of radical and plumule, data analysis and report writing. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 Source of heavy metal There are many sources of heavy metals in soil including natural sources e. g. soil parent material, volcanic eruptions, marine aerosols, and forest fires; agricultural sources e. g. fertilizers, sewage sludge, pesticides and irrigation water; energy and fuel production sources e. g. emissions from power stations; mining and smelting e. . tailing, smelting, refining and transportation (Reichman, 2002). It is generally accepted that heavy metal contamination can not only result in adverse effects on various parameters relating to plant quality and yield, but also cause changes in the size, composition and activity of the soil microbial community (Giller et al. , 1998). Heavy metals might accumulate in the food chains, with risks for the health of animals and humans, which are less sensitive to metal toxicity than plants, but they are capable of concentrating heavy metal in certain tissues and organs (Peralta et al. 2001). The influence of metals on development and reproduction of plan ts can be firstly quantified by determining the germination traits of seeds and growth performance of seedling. In the presence of high concentrations of some heavy metals, most plant species performe the reduction of seed germination and seedling growth (Patra and Sharma, 2000). 7 The high metal contents suggest the potential for heavy metal accumulation and phytotoxicity for crops grown in soils receiving the metal enriched sewage sludge. Hence, it will limit its application on land, because of the stringent regulations for land application of heavy metals i n the form of sewage (Wong et al. , 2001). The high heavy metal contents might pose a toxic effect to plants and cause heavy metal accumulation in plant tissues (Wong et al. , 2001). Many of those who performed short-term laboratory studies also discuss ed their results in relation to existing regulations for heavy metals in soils, or the possible effect of the agricultural use of metal-contaminated products such as sewage sludge, animal manures and fungicides (Giller et al. 1998). The distribution of heavy metals in the organs of plants is not homogenous; it depends on the species and the element (Kozanecka et al. , 2002). The application of cow dung in wasteland soil not only provided nutrients for plant growth, but also stabilized the metal in the soil and reduced metal toxicity to the plant (Ghavri and Singh, 2010). According to Longman (2006), mercury is a he avy silver white poisonous metal that is liquid at ordinary temperature and it is a chemical element symbol is Hg. It is a pervasive pollutant that accumulates in organisms and is highly toxic. Elemental mercury is efficiently transported as a gas around the 8 globe, and even remote areas show evidence of mercury pollution originating from industrial sources such as power plants (Morel et al. , 1998). Mercury is a toxic heavy metal that is of significant concern as an environmental pollutant since mercury is not very phototoxic in normally occurring concentrations. In polluted regions, mercury is a non -degradable toxic heavy metal pollutant when it is accumulated by plants. The information is scare about its uptake mechanism and growth inhibition. There are a wide range of sources that emit mercury to the atmosphere. Approximately half of the atmospheric budget of vapor-phase mercury is attributed to anthropogenic sources and half to natural source (Nriagu, 1989) The accumulation of mercury in terrestrial plants increases with increasing soil mercury concentration. Soil type has considerable influence on this process, i. e. high organic matter content will decrease uptake. Generally, the highest concentrations of mercury are found at the roots, but translocation to other organs occurs. In contrast to higher plants, mosses are known to take up mercury via atmospheric deposition (Boening, 2000). The characterization of mercury uptake showed that mercury binding is dependent on initial pH, agitation speed, amount of dosage and also the interaction between pH and contact time (Ling, 2010). 2. 2 Inhibition of seed germination According to Longman (2006), seed is a small, hard object produced by plants, from which a new plant of the same kind grows. Poor quality seeds suffer from following problems of low germination percentage, poor 9 emergence, poor survival, and poor adaptability to site, susceptible to disease and pests, poor growth, and low productivity (Anonymous, 2011a). The characteristics of good seeds are well ripened, healthy and true to type, pure and free from inert materials and weed seeds, viable and have good germination capacity, uniform in its texture, structure and appearance, and free from damage and should not be broken and inflected by pests and diseases (Anonymous, 2011a). Seed germination is defined as the emergence and development from seed embryo of those essential structures, which are indicative of the ability of seed to produce a normal plant under favorable conditions (Anonymous, 2011a). Seeds need to be handled carefully to avoid damage to the embryo. Rough handling at threshing time can result in a lower percentage of germination. Actual tests are made at intervals to insure a good percentage of germination. Many seeds will germinate in a week or two or three weeks, but some seeds may take weeks or even years until barriers to germination are removed (Butterfield, 1967). Although seeds are rather similar in structure and in the same taxonomic family, their germination patterns are quite different (McDonald, 2011). Seeds exist in a state of dormancy, absorbing oxygen, giving off carbon dioxide, and slowly using up their stored food reserves during germination (Rindels, 1996). Every viable seed has the potential to become a plant. For this to happen, the seed must germinate, and for germination to occur, a seed 10 essentially needs water (during absorption and subsequent stages of growth), oxygen (for respiration) and temperature adequate for metabolism and growth. Some seeds also require light and therefore must be on the soil surface in order to germinate, and not buried beneath the soil surface (McDonald, 2011). A general statement was made that percent of germination or p ercent of viable seeds of Rumex scutatus drop over time as a result of exposure to environmental conditions (Yilmaz and Aksoy, 2007). Some seeds have certain chemicals inside them to which prevent their germination, while some seeds may not have well developed embryo and require storage for a few weeks before germination can take place (Anonymous, 2011a). Some seeds present deep physiological dormancy with a very low germination percentage and they need a long time to start germination (Vera et al. , 2010). Heavy metals of Zn and ZnO particles were observed to have significant inhibition on seed germination and root growth (El-Temsah and Joner, 2010). The decrease in the value of germination percentage and germination index of the seed caused by the increased amount of metallic compound indicates that at a lower concentration, the contaminant posed little or no harm on the seed viability but in higher level, germination is retarded (Jaja and Odoemena, 2004). In the presence of heavy metals at certain concentrations, the radical of Arabidopsis thaliana protruded from testa, but the embryo growth was arrested beyond the point (Li et al. 2005). Although the seed coat provides some protection from metal stress prior to germination, it will eventually 11 crack or become more permeable upon germination. The current literature suggests that seed germination is affected by metals in two ways. Firstly, by their general toxicity, and secondly are by their inhibition of water uptake (Kranner and C olville, 2011). The seed injury caused by organic mercurials to cereals was characterized by abnormal germination. The primary effect of mercury could possibly be on the embryo itself, and effects on the endosperm were of secondary importance (Patra and Sharma, 2000). 2. 3 Environmental effect Salinity reduced germination percentage and also delayed the germination rate as the salt level was increased. The germination rate, germination index and coefficient of velocity of germination of forage sorghums decreased under salinity treatments. The germination percentage was a maximum in distilled water, but decreased with increasing salinity (Siti Aishah et al. , 2010). The pH of soil plays a great role in the speciation and bio-availability of heavy metals thus; the maximum allowable con centrations in soil vary with soil (Luo et al. , 2011). The percentage germination was low at acidic as well as alkaline conditions in both the sets of scarified and unscarified Solanum nigrum seeds. It was observed that neutral pH plays in an important role in increasing germination (Suthar et al. , 2009). 12 Erica australis had increased seed germination in response to factors related to passage of fire and low pH (Vera et al. , 2010). Caperonia palustris seed germination was less than 32% at pH 4 and 10. High seed germination over a broad pH range indicated that pH may not be a limiting factor for germination in most soils (Koger et al. , 2004). The addition of lime caused a significant increase in soil pH providing an alkaline buffering capacity against heavy metal availability for the acid loamy soil while without liming the acidic soil may cause a lowering of the alkalinity of sludge resulting in a higher availability of heavy metals (Wong et al. , 2001). 13 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3. 1 Location of the study This study was conducted at Laboratory A603, Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor. 3. 2 Test material Capsicum annuum fully ripe fruits were purchased from local market and a total of 600 seeds were extracted from the fruits. The seeds were cleaned with running tap water, pat dried with paper towel and air dried for two days prior to experimentation. 3. 3 Experiment procedure 3. 3. 1 Sterilization of seed Seeds were rinsed with 10% Chlorox followed by 3 times rinsing with distilled water. 3. 3. 2 Treatment Seeds were germinated in enclosed Petri dishes on paper towel containing HgCl2 solutions at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 mg/l respectively. The paper towel was moistened with 2 ml of the respective HgCl 2 solution before the seeds were placed on the paper towel for germination test. The paper towel was applied with 2 ml of the 14 espective mercury solution at alternate days unless the paper towel was still found moist with the previous application of solution. 3. 4 Data collection The germination/emergence of the seedling (radical and plumule) was recorded for a period of 10 days. Then, the length of the radical (primary root) and plumule (primary shoot) was measured at two days after germination. The other abnormal morphology, growth and development of seedlings were also recorded. 3. 5 Experimental design The experiment was based on completely randomized design (CRD) as it is the most commonly used design for laboratory research. This experiment was arranged in a CRD as a single factor experiment with 5 replicates. There were 20 seeds in each replicate. 3. 6 Statistical analysis Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out and treatment means were compared using Tukey’s Simultaneous Test. Germination percentage was transformed to arc-sine value before ANOVA. 3. 7 Work schedule This study was conducted starting from January 2011 until July 2011 (Table 3. 1). It involved extraction and cleaning of seeds, air drying of seeds, sterilization procedure, and treatment with HgCl2, data collection and data 15 analysis. At the end of this study, project report was presented orally and the written final report was submitted. Table 3. 1: Work schedule for the study on germination and growth of C. annuum after application of HgCl2 at various concentrations Weeks activities 2 Collection of material / / 8 10 / 12 14 / / / Data collection 6 / Treatment 4 Data analysis Oral presentation / Submission of report / 16 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS Figure 4. 1 indicates the germination of C. annuum seeds treated with varying concentrations of HgCl2. Capsicum annuum seed germination was significantly affected by treatment with HgCl2 up to 100 mg/l (Figures 4. and 4. 2; Table 4. 1; Appendices A and B). Seeds treated ? 50 mg/l HgCl 2 showed significantly lower germination percentage and germination index as compared to the control seeds treated with distilled water and those treated with lower HgCl 2 at 25 mg/l. This trend was visible from 4 days after germination onwards until end of the study period of 10 days. Figure 4. 1: Germination of C. annuum seeds after treatment with HgCl2 17 Figure 4.2: Seed germination at the 10th day with HgCl2 treatment at 25mg/l Table 4. 1: Germination and growth of C. annuum after treatment withHgCl2 HgCl2 mg/l) Germination % Germination index Length of radical (cm) Length of plumule (cm) 0 100 ±0 a 5. 41 ±0. 84 a 1. 75 ±0. 11 a 0. 77 ±0. 07 a 25 95 ±6. 12 a 5. 38 ±0. 59 a 1. 23 ±0. 07 b 0. 70 ±0. 06 ab 50 56 ±9. 62 b 3. 08 ±0. 73 b 0. 95 ±0. 08 c 0. 58 ±0. 11 b 75 49 ±6. 52 b 3. 16 ±0. 66 b 0. 61 ±0. 02 d 0. 36 ±0. 01 c 100 28 ±9. 08 c 1. 90 ±0. 54 b 0. 47 ±0. 02 e 0. 33 ±0. 11 c Means with the same letter within the same column are not significantly different at 5% level of significance All HgCl2 treatments ranging from 25 – 100 mg/l as studied resulted in significant inhibition of radical growth (Table 4. ; Appendi ces B and C). Growth inhibition of 18 radical increased significantly and simultaneously with increasing HgCl 2 concentration indicating that radical was very sensitive to this heavy metal. Based on Table 4. 1, plumule growth of C. annuum seeds was also affected significantly by the HgCl2 treatment (Appendices B and D). Plumule growth was less sensitive to this heavy metal; only those treated at higher rates of 75 and 100 mg/l showed significantly the greatest inhibition effects. Heavy metal of mercury was found to affect the germination and growth of C. nnuum seeds. Based on the results, mercury at 50 mg/l was found to retard seed germination in terms of germination percentage and germination index. This concentration of mercury also affected development of radical and plumule in terms of length of the organs. Toxicity caused by the under study heavy metal at concentration of 50 mg/l was presumed to result in obvious reduced seed germination and inhibition of growth of seedlings of C. annuum. 19 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION Seed germination and growth of C. annuum seedlings were affected with HgCl2 at 50 mg/l. Reduced seed germination and inhibition of seedling growth were recorded with this treatment and higher concentration of HgCl2. The seeds of this fruit vegetable can be concluded to be sensitive to mercury contamination. 20 CITED REFERENCES Anonymous. (2012a). Chili peppers nutrition facts. Retrieved 20 May 2012, from nutrition-and-you. com/chili-peppers. html Anonymous. (2012b). PLANTS Profile Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum cayenne pepper Retrieved 20 May 2012, from http://plants. usda. gov/java/profile? symbol=CAAN4 Anonymous. (2011a). Seed technology. Retrieved 21 September 2011, from http://ifs. nic. in/rt/main/courses/seed_tech. pdf Belletti, P. , Marzachi, C. Lanteri, S. (1998). Flow cytometric measurement of nuclear DNA content in Capsicum (Solanaceae). Plant Systematic and Evolution 209: 85-91. Boening, D. W. (2000). Ecological effects, transport, and fate of mercury: a general review. Chemosphere 40:1335-1351. Butterfield, H. M. , (1967). Seed germination. California Horticultural Society Journal 28(2):1-9. Retrived 20 May 2012 from calhortsociety. org/ Bulletins/journal-articles/seed-germination. html Chayed, N. F. (2009). Determination of Heavy Metal Uptake by Acacia magnium Grown in Ex-mining Area in Kg Gajah, Perak. Universiti Teknologi MARA. Csillery G. (2006) Pepper taxonomy and the botanical description of the species, Acta Argon Hung. 5: 151-166. El-Temsah, Y. S. , Joner, E. J. (2010). Impact of Fe and Ag nanoparticles on seed germination and differences in bioavailability during exposure in aqueous suspension and soil. Environmental Toxicology DOI 10. 1002/tox. Ghavri, S. V. , Singh, R. P. (2010). Phytotranslocation of Fe by biodiesel plant Jatropha curcas L. grown on iron rich wasteland soil. Braz. J. Physiol. 22(4): 235243. Giller, K. E. , Witter, E. , McGrath, S. P. (1998). Toxicity of heavy metals to microorganisms and microbial processes in agricultural soils: A review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 30(10/11): 1389-1414. Jaja, T, E. , Odoemena, C. S. I. (2004). Effect of Pb, Cu and Fe compounds on the germination and early seedling growth of tomato varieties. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Mgt. 8(2): 51-53. 21 Koger, C. H. , Reddy, K. N. , Poston, D. H. (2004). Factors affecting seed germination, seedling emergence, and survival of texasweed (Caperonia palustris). Weed Science 52: 989-995. Kozanecka, T. , Chojnicki, J. , Kwasowski, W. (2002). Content of heavy metals in plant from pollution-free regions. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 11(4): 395-399. Kranner, I. , Colville, L. (2011). Metals and seeds: Biochemical and molecular implications and their significance for seed germination. Environmental and Experinmental Botany. 72(1): 93-105 Li, W. , Khan, M. A. , Yamaguchi, S. Kamiya, Y. (2005). Effect of heavy metal on seed germination and early seedling growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Growth Regulation 46: 45-50. Ling, T. , Fangke, Y. , Jun, R. (2010). Effect of mercury to seed germination, coleoptile growth and root elongation of four vegetable. Research Journal of Phytochemistry 4(4): 225-233. Longman (2006). Dictionary of Comtemporary English. Pearson Education Limited: 1950. Luo, C. , Liu, C. , Wang, Y. , Liu, X. , Li, F. , Zhang, G. , Li, X. (2011). Heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables near an e-waste processing site, south China. Journal of Hazardous Materials 186(1): 481-490. Mami, Y. , Ahmadi, G. , Shahmoradi, M. , Gorbani, H. R. (2011). Influence of different concentration of heavy metals on the seed germination and growth of tomato. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 5(6): 420-426. McDonald, M. B. 2011). Physiology of Seed Germination. Retrieved 23 November 2011, from http://seedbiology. osu. edu/HCS631_files/4A%20Seed%20germination. pdf Morel, F. M. , Kraepiel, A. M. , Amyot, M. , (1998). The chemical cycle and accumulation of mercury. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 54-566. Nriagu, J. O. (1989). A global assessment of natural sources of atmospheric trace metals. Na ture 338: 47-49. Patra, M. , Sharma, A. (2000). Mercury toxicity in plant. The Botanical Review 66(3): 379-422. Peralta, J. R. , Gardea-Torresdey, J. L. , Tiemann, K. J. , Gomez, E. , Arteaga, S. , Rascon, E. Parsons, J. G. (2000). Study of the effect of heavy metal on seed germination and plant growth on alfalfa plant (Medicago sativa) grown in solid media. Proceeding of the 2000 Conference on Harzardous Waste Research: 135-140. 22 Ravishankar, G. A. , Suresh, B. , Giridhar, P. , Rao, S. R. and Johnson, T. S. (2003). Biotechnological studies on Capsicum for metabolite production and plant improvement. In: Amit Krishna, D. E. , (ed. ). Capsicum: The genus Capsicum. Harwood Academic Publishers, UK,: 96-128. Reichman, S. M. (2002). The Responses of Plants to Metal Toxicity: A review focusing on Copper, Manganese and Zinc. Australian Minerals Energy Environment Foundation, Victoria, Australia: 1-54. Rindels, S. (1996). Successful seed germination. Horticulture and Home Pest News IC-475(2), Iowa State University. Retrived from ipm. iastate. edu/ipm/ hortnews/1996/2-9-1996/seed. html Simone, A. H. , Simone, E. H. , Eitenmiller, R. R. , Mills, N. R. , Green, N. R. , (1997). Ascorbic acid and provitamin a contents in usually colored bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L. ). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 10(4): 299-311. Siti Aishah, H. , Saberi, A. R. , Halim, R. A. , Zaharah, A. R. (2010). Salinity effects on germination of forage sorghums. Journal of Agronomy 9(4): 169-174. Suthar, A. C. , Naik, V. R. , Mulani, R. M. (2009). Seed and seed germination in Solanum nigrum Linn. American-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 5(2): 179-183. Thomine, S. , Wang, R. , Ward, J. M. , Crawford, N. M. , Schroeder, J. I. (2000). Cadmium and iron transport by members of a plant metal transporter family in Arabidopsis with homology to Nramp genes. PNAS 99(9): 4991-4996. Vera, D. T. , Martin, R. P. , Oliva, S. R. (2010). Effect of chemical and physical treatment on seed germination of Erica australis. Ann. Bot. Fennici 47: 353-360. Wong, J. W. C. , Lai, K. M. D. , Su. S. Fang, M. (2001). Availability of heavy metals for Brassica chinensis grown in an acidic loamy soil amended with domestic and industrial sewage sludge. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 128:339-353. Yilmaz, D. D. , Aksoy, A. (2007). Physiological effects of different environmental conditions on the seed germination of Rumex scutatus L. (Polygonaceae). Erciyes Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 23(1-2): 24-29. 23 APPENDIX A Germination of C. APPENDIX B ANOVA Sum of Squares df Mean Square germination Between Groups Within Groups G. I Length of radical Length of plumule Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total 12408. 834 4 3102. 208 707. 247 20 F Sig. 35. 362 13116. 081 48. 100 9. 246 57. 346 5. 203 .091 5. 294 .758 .130 .888 25 24 4 20 24 4 20 24 4 20 24 12. 025 .462 87. 726 . 000 26. 011 . 000 1. 301 286. 374 . 000 .005 .190 .007 29. 159 . 00 Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD Dependent Variable (I) treatment (J) treatm ent germination 0 25 50 75 100 25 0 50 75 100 50 0 25 75 100 75 0 25 50 100 100 0 25 50 75 95% Confidence Interval Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig. 9. 72566 3. 76098 . 111 Lower Bound Upper Bound -1. 5286 20. 9799 3. 76098 . 000 30. 2341 52. 7426 3. 76098 . 000 34. 3137 56. 8222 3. 76098 . 000 47. 0576 69. 5661 -9. 72566 3. 76098 . 111 -20. 9799 1. 5286 41. 48839 * 45. 56795 * 58. 31190 * 31. 76273 * 3. 76098 . 000 20. 5085 43. 0170 35. 84229 * 3. 76098 . 000 24. 5880 47. 0965 48. 58623 * 3. 76098 . 000 37. 3320 59. 8405 -41. 48839 * . 76098 . 000 -52. 7426 -30. 2341 -31. 76273 * 3. 76098 . 000 -43. 0170 -20. 5085 4. 07956 3. 76098 . 812 -7. 1747 15. 3338 16. 82351 * 3. 76098 . 002 5. 5693 28. 0778 -45. 56795 * 3. 76098 . 000 -56. 8222 -34. 3137 -35. 84229 * 3. 76098 . 000 -47. 0965 -24. 5880 -4. 07956 3. 76098 . 812 -15. 3338 7. 1747 12. 74395 * 3. 76098 . 022 1. 4897 23. 9982 -58. 31190 * 3. 76098 . 000 -69. 5661 -47. 0576 -48. 58623 * 3. 76098 . 000 -59. 8405 -37. 3320 -16. 82351 * 3. 76098 . 002 -28. 0778 -5. 5693 -12. 74395 * 3. 76098 . 022 -23. 9982 -1. 4897 26 Multiple Comparisons Tukey HSD 95% Confidence Interval Mean Difference (I-J) Dependent Variable (I) treatment (J) treatment G. I 0 25 .03500 .43003 1. 000 -1. 2518 1. 3218 50 2. 33000 * .43003 . 000 1. 0432 3. 6168 2. 25333 * .43003 . 000 .9665 3. 5401 3. 51167 * .43003 . 000 2. 2249 4. 7985 0 -. 03500 .43003 1. 000 -1. 3218 1. 2518 50 2. 29500* .43003 . 000 1. 0082 3. 5818 75 2. 21833 * .43003 . 000 .9315 3. 5051 3. 47667 * .43003 . 000 2. 1899 4. 7635 -2. 33000 * .43003 . 000 -3. 6168 -1. 0432 -2. 29500 * .43003 . 000 -3. 5818 -1. 0082 75 -. 07667 .43003 1. 000 -1. 3635 1. 2101 100 1. 18167 .43003 . 082 -. 1051 2. 4685 0 -2. 25333 * .43003 . 000 -3. 5401 -. 9665 25 -2. 21833* .43003 . 000

AWAKENINGS (19541956) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

AWAKENINGS (19541956) - Assignment Example No. And this answer reveals embedded racial prejudice and discrimination that only a widespread civil rights movement can dismantle. 3. Till’s family had Emmett’s casket opened during his funeral and allowed Jet magazine and the Chicago Defender to publish images of Till’s body, so that the world saw his atrocious injuries. These actions revealed the brutality he underwent before he died, which signified the intense brutality and insanity of racism. 1. The interaction between Till and the white woman exposed deep-seated prejudice that the social system taught against blacks. Till’s actions led to such violence, because prejudiced whites believed that they were superior and so no blacks were allowed to interact with their women. 2. Jones knew that white men lynch black people, because of their prejudice and discrimination. He must have learned this through how people speak about and react to blacks. These rules were enforced when white men either perform discrimination, or when blacks stay back and keep mum, when white people lynch or harm blacks. 3. The police and the justice system should have protected the vulnerable. When these institutions cannot be trusted, blacks either avoided conflict with white people, or they protected themselves using their own force. 1. I think Mamie Till-Mobley decided to publicize her son’s mutilated body, because she wanted to show the world that racism is so perverse and widespread in America that a child like Emmett would suffer viciously from it. She must have wanted to use this image of her son to wake up both blacks and whites about the vicious reality of racism in their society. 2. The black press’s role in exposing the violence of Jim Crow system is to publish facts as they are, without any need for sensationalism. The mainstream press was reluctant of showing Till’s photos, because they were afraid of the chilling effect it created on blacks

Manage an information or knowledge management system Research Paper

Manage an information or knowledge management system - Research Paper Example ii) The policy guidelines do not draw attention to the areas of underperformance but it is the system performance that can be said to be underperforming or not. 6. True 7. A contingency plan is the process in an organization that prepares it to act coherently to an unplanned occurrence. It is normally a plan used as an alternative plan if the initial plan fails to function. Also known as the plan ‘’B’’. 8. To manage the problem of IT failure when it occurs, one would need to retrieve the information by contacting IT expert. The system can be traced immediately to find the lost data. However, managing this problem for the future, one need to be proactive in that, they need to realize that IT may fail any time; therefore, a data backup system is always required in place. Internet security system should be implemented to avoid data theft through hackers and data destruction through viruses and malwares. 9. Analysis, evaluation, probe, investigation 10. Brainst orming is the process of soliciting for ideas from a group of people in order to find solution to a given problem. This normally begins by the group focusing on a problem, the creatively developing various possible solutions to the problem and pushing ideas as far as possible. 11. False. Auditing finds mistakes and builds on them, not strengths. 12. False. One system cannot be reviewed in isolation since a system is continuous and one system is connected to the other systems. 13. Audits can consider the performance of system interfaces. 14. True 15. Organizational job design, performance indicators and how are suppliers to be used? 16. Organizational mission statement. 17. a, b, c & d. Assignment 2 Case Study 1 Date Incident Consequence Reported by 12/4/13 Request for employment records for a former employee Subpoena-law requirement Susan-HR department Action taken Date Modified File given 12/5/13 Modified By Job Title Sign Susan’s Supervisor Supervisor 1. Good quality inform ation is necessary for decision making purposes, planning, and reference purposes as well as proper management of an organization. 2. The benefits of information and Knowledge management system include assisting organizations to identify, select, organize, disseminate, and transfer information. It also helps the organization to share knowledge towards meeting its objectives. It enables the organization to compare itself with its competitors. The major drawbacks include failure of the system to deliver the expected outcome and the inability to use by some users. 3. Whether it will be able to provide a basis for the valuation of the company, whether it can stimulate the management in order to focus on the important things and whether the investment in Knowledge Management is justified. I & KMS require that measures like tight information security be applied to the organization’s information system. Confidentiality and legal consideration while dispersing knowledge is critical, keeping the organizational success-knowledge secret for economic prosperity are some of the measures that need to be applied. 4. The type of knowledge information that a sugar processing company uses in the demand side for example, include knowledge of things like; sugar consumption rate, sister companies sugar production capabilities, industry sugar production capabilities, cement import and export levels. Strengths The organization

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Clause Essay Example for Free

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Clause Essay All sorts of problems in the learning team that is not resolved in a certain amount of hours will initiate the ADR. The problem established is in the learning team not following procedures regulations of the University of Phoenix. Other problems or situations that are personal in the learning team will not obligated be fixed through the Alternative Dispute Resolution. In my opinion there are two strategies of resolution through the ADR process in the event of the dispute in Learning Team. One of these is the Arbitration and According to Legal Dictionary, The Free Dictionary (2014), is a well-established and widely used means to end disputes. It is one of several kinds of Alternative Dispute Resolution, which provide parties to a controversy with a choice other than litigation. In the case that the situation on the learning team is not settled with the mediation due time, the arbitration clause will be applied and resolved. This type of resolution is applied for those who denied the mediation and unable to provide an agreement. Another strategies of resolutions through in the ADR process in the situation of problems in the Learning Team is the mediation. Team member with current or previous involvement in disputes are not able to intervene as arbitrator. According to San Diego Court† (2014), Mediation is a confidential, non-binding process in which a trained mediator facilitates communication between disputants and assists parties in reaching a mutually acceptable resolution of all or part of their dispute. The mediator is not the decision-maker and does not resolve the dispute, the parties do. However a mediator is often able to more fully explore the parties underlying interests, needs and priorities (San Diego Court , 2014). The ADR Clause is a faster process and more effective that a litigation. Besides that the proper use of the ADR provides a better personal feeling with the way disputes are resolved. Pertain the ADR Clause in the Learning Team Charter  brings out more respect within the Team.

Mohandas Ghandi Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio

Mohandas â€Å"Mahatma† Gandhi Mohandas Gandhi was easily one of the greatest political leaders of the twentieth century, yet he had no power what so ever. He was just a man, who influenced a non-violent revolt to gain India’s independence. Unfortunately after India did gain their independence, the struggle was not over. Gandhi was still in no form of power, and only was an adviser. As he had struggled throughout his life for India, been imprisoned for many years for India, it is interesting how on the evening of one of his usual prayers, an Indian waits in the crowd to kill him. On January 30th 1948, Bapu (Sanskrit for â€Å"father† commonly used with Gandhi and the â€Å"father of India†) was shot and killed, while having his nightly public walk. Mohandas Gandhi was one of the most powerful political leaders of the twentieth century, because of his strives for the independence of India through non-violent consent. Mohandas’ first enthusiasms towards non-violent resistance was discovered in South Africa when he was severely discriminated and realized something had to be done about the harsh discrimination towards blacks and Indians in South Africa. In South Africa he adopted his ideology of the devotion to the ‘truth’. â€Å"Gandhi launched his first civil disobedience campaign, using a technique he called Satyagraha, a Sanskrit word. Satya means truth and love; agraha means firmness or force. Satyagraha is often translated as â€Å"truth force.†Ã¢â‚¬ 1 He began to create a peaceful resistance, and using no violent measures. Many Indians and blacks were jailed but in the face of peaceful blacks and Indians simply trying to get more rights peacefully, the South African General had no choice but to negotiate with Gandhi, giving him his first of many vi... ...d advise violence.†5 Gandhi did not advicate cowardism, and certainly was not one. Infact Gandhi was never afraid. â€Å"If I die by the bullet of a madman, I must do so smiling. Should such a thing happen to me, you are not to shed one tear.†6 Mohandas Gandhi’s strive towards the independence and freedom of the Indian people, elevated him to being one of the most powerful and influential people in the twentieth century. Not only has he inspired people in his nation, but in countries around the world, in the struggle in peaceful and non-violent civil disobedience, instead of bloodshed. Bibliography Cheney, Glenn Alan, Mohandas Gandhi. New York: Grouer Company, 1983. Malaspina, Ann, Mahatma Gandhi: and India’s Independence. Berkeley Heights: Enslow Publishers, 2000. Mohandas Gandhi,† Wikipedia, 27th September 2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi

Leadership Project Essay

His Holiness Sri Sri Ravi Shankar is a renowned spiritual leader and multi-faceted humanitarian whose mission of uniting the world into a violence-free family has inspired millions of people worldwide. The icon of non-violence and universal human values, Sri Sri seeks global peace through service and dialog. Born in 1956 in southern India, Sri Sri’s appeal transcends class, race, religion and nationality. Millions of people revere him as their spiritual leader, and look up to him for inner peace and promoting ecumenical values. In 1981, Sri Sri started the Art of Living Foundation, an international nonprofit educational and humanitarian organization. The Foundation, now active in more than 140 countries, offers educational and self-development programs designed to eliminate stress and foster a sense of well-being. In Europe and the United States, the Foundation’s programs are helping inner city youth turn away from gang violence, drugs and alcohol. Sri Sri’s Prison Programs have helped transform the lives of an estimated 150,000 inmates around the world. In 1997, Sri Sri founded the International Association for Human Values, a humanitarian nonprofit organization that advances human values in political, economic, industrial, and social spheres. In South Asia, South Africa, and Latin America, the Association’s sustainable development programs have reached more than 30,000 rural communities. While his self development programs have popularized traditionally exclusive ancient techniques, Sri Sri’s social initiatives address an array of issues such as conflict resolution, disaster and trauma relief, prisoner rehabilitation, youth leadership, women’s empowerment, female foeticide, child labor, and access to education. In Kashmir and Sri Lanka, Sri Sri is working to further dialogue between opposing parties to resolve the conflicts peacefully. Sri Sri travels to more than 40 countries a year to share his message of social responsibility, and that all great spiritual traditions share common goals and values. His teachings of love, practical wisdom, and service promote harmony among people, and encourage individuals to follow their chosen spiritual path, while honoring other paths. Spreading the message of a One World Family Spreading the message of love, compassion and non-violence, His Holiness Sri Sri Ravi Shankar tirelessly advocates harmonious co-existence among people. While he addresses innumerable forums on diverse subjects, the common thread through all his speeches is the principle of humanity, and brotherhood. His universal, and simple message is that love and wisdom can prevail over hatred and distress. Whether it is speaking to parliamentarians in Argentina, business leaders in Europe, peace organizations such as the United Nations and Muslim and Hindu leaders, Sri Sri emphasizes human values, and unity among people. Sri Sri has been invited to address the World Economic Forum at Davos on two occasions, the United Nations Millennium World Peace Summit of Religious and Spiritual Leaders, the first World Congress of Imams and Rabbis in 2005 among other forums. With an aim of bringing together leaders from diverse walks of life, Sri Sri has also hosted a number of symposiums. The Truth & Reconciliation Conference to foster equality of the Dalit community (2007), International Conference on Human Values (2006) and the annual Corporate Culture and Spirituality Symposiums being a few of them. Through his public talks and symposiums, Sri Sri addresses issues of inter-faith harmony, environmental sustainability, poverty alleviation and grassroots development. He inspires thousands across the globe to live the philosophy of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam or a One World Family. University Doctorates Doctor of Letters Honoris Causa, Bangalore University, India, 2009 ?Doctor of Letters Honoris Causa, Nagarjuna University, India, 2008 ?Doctor of Letters Honoris Causa, Maharaja Sayajirao University, India, 2007 ?Doctor of Science, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, India, 2007 ?Doctor of Philosophy (Holistic Medicine), Open International University for Complementary Medicine in Sri Lanka, 2006 ?Honorary Doctorate from Kuvempu University, India, 2004 International Honours Culture in Balance Award, World Culture Forum, Dresden Germany, October 10, 2009 ?Professor Honoris Causa, Szent Istvan University, Budapest, (Hungary), June 24, 2009 ?The Ball of Peace awarded by The Peace Doves, Norway, June 13, 2009 ?Phoenix Award, Atlanta, USA, 2008 â€Å"Corporate Culture & Spirituality† (CCS) is an initiative of the International Association for Human Values. While central themes vary, this unique annual symposium provides business and spiritual leaders with a platform to share insights and experiences on social responsibility, business ethics, and sustainable and profitable leadership. CCS was first launched in 2003 in Bangalore, India, and was attended by business leaders, academicians, and spiritual leaders from across the world. Encouraged by its success, a second CCS conference was hosted in 2004 at the Art of Living Foundation Headquarters in Bangalore. In 2006, the conference was held in European Parliament, Brussels, where more than 300 participants from 20 countries engaged in a dynamic discussion on ethics and business as an integral part of innovative and sustainable development. The conference was once again hosted in Brussels in 2007, and was attended by prominent leaders such as Prof. Ruud Lubbers, Former Prime Minister of the Netherlands and co-Founder of The Earth Charter; Dr. Jacques Santer, Former Prime Minister of Luxemburg and Former President of the European Commission; Mr. Niels Christiansen, Vice-President, Nestle; Mr. Rutger Koopmans, General Manager, ING Wholesale Banking; Mr. Venugopal Dhoot, Chairman, Videocon Group; Dr. Hanns Glatz, Delegate of the Board of Management, Daimler; and Prof. Peter Eigen, Founder, Transparency International Germany. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS The Art of Living Course gives participants the practical knowledge and techniques to unlock their deepest potential and bring fullness to life. Whether happy and successful or feeling the stress of poor health, disappointments, or fear, every participant is cared for and comes away lighter, with effective techniques for releasing mental and physical stress and increasing his or her health, energy, peace, self-knowledge, awareness, and joy. Simple Techniques for Daily Life A remarkable feature of the course is that participants are able to re-discover the present moment, not as a concept but as a direct experience. Participants leave with simple but powerful techniques that they can practice every day. The Art of Living Course has been enjoyed by people of all traditions, religions, and walks of life, in universities, churches, governments, businesses, prisons, and war zones. The Art of Living Foundation is dedicated to inspiring, uplifting and empowering individuals to live life to its fullest potential. Its youth programs emphasize human values common to all cultures, religions and traditions such as non-violence, compassion, caring for the planet, enthusiasm for life, and an attitude of service toward others. Art Excel (All Round Training In Excellence) for ages 8 to 13 Presented in a practical and fun framework that appeals to youth of all ethnic, racial and religious backgrounds, ART Excel offers an enlightening approach that awakens youth to their deepest potential and life’s higher values. YES! for Teens (Youth Empowerment Seminar) for ages 14 to 18 Both fun and challenging, this 18 hour seminar provides teens with a comprehensive toolbox to both manage their own emotions and stress, as well as dynamically navigate through adolescence. YES+ for College Students and Young Professionals for ages 18 – 27 An innovative and dynamic educati onal and life skills program that provides young individuals with the tools to achieve their ideal life with ease, creativity, energy, and without inhibitions Balance can be achieved without lowering goals or lessening achievements ? it is about managing stress and managing ourselves. Based on the Sudarshan Kriya, the APEX Course is designed for business professionals. It is a simple, practical, and effective training program that empowers managers and employees, and promotes calmness and focus in the midst of any challenge or responsibility. The course is designed to improve concentration, enhance creativity, increase efficiency, and build a greater sense of purpose and teamwork. The APEX course differs from most management and employee development programs because it is not based on quick-fix solutions, theoretical concepts, or superficial success formulas, but rather on practical techniques that offer direct and tangible results. It has been developed for businesses to facilitate change from within each employee and manager. The course also incorporates basic principles of effective living and emphasizes the essential human values that help professionals lead more fulfilling and productive lives. SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS The Art of Living Foundation, a nonprofit educational and humanitarian organization, was founded by Sri Sri in 1981. The Foundation has chapters in more than 140 countries and its sustainable development projects, trauma-relief and self-development programs have benefited more than 25 million people around the world. By nurturing the spirit of service and compassion in every individual, the Foundation seeks to build a global society that is free of stress and violence. The mission of the International Association for Human Values (IAHV), a non profit organization founded by Sri Sri in 1997, is to foster a deeper understanding of the values that unite us as a global human community, and to encourage the practice of human values in everyday life. The IAHV, working in conjunction with the Art of Living Foundation, has initiated several disaster relief and sustainable development programs in South Asia, Africa, Europe, Central and South America and North America. Ved Vignan Maha Vidya Peeth (VVM) is the umbrella organization under which various service projects of the Art of Living Foundation in India operate. In addition to rural development programs, women’s empowerment projects and educational initiatives, VVM is also involved in Vedic research, medical research and social research. The upcoming Sri Sri University in Orissa, India, will be a full fledged 15,000 student multidisciplinary university that will combine quality education with leadership skills, social responsibility and ethics. The academic majors that will be offered are Management, Law, Government, Mass Communications, Cultural Studies, Engineering, Medicine, Ayurveda, Vedic Sciences, Biotechnology and Research Sciences. University admissions will be based on aptitude tests alone, and the campus will include recreational facilities, meditation halls, and a sports complex. The Sri Sri Ravi Shankar Vidya Mandir (SSRVM) Trust was founded in 1999 as a Charitable Spiritual and Educational Public Institution to impart a valu-based education in a stress-free and child-friendly environment. The Trust supports several educational institutions, from rural schools to urban universities. The Sri Sri Ravi Shankar Pre-University College started in 2003 in Bangalore, India. Affiliated with the Pre-University Board of Karnataka, the College’s aim is to provide affordable and high quality education to students on the threshold of their careers. To overcome the increased burden of private tuitions outside the school, the concept of â€Å"Integrated Coaching† was started. The initiative gives students the special training needed to face competitive examinations for professional courses. The Sri Sri Center for Media Studies’ mandate is to train and empower responsible and committed media professionals who will be reliable and objective information resources for people in a democracy. The Sri Sri Institute of Management Studies was founded in 2005, with the vision of blending high quality management education with spirituality and human values to create 21st century managers. The institute offers a 2-year post-graduate diploma in Business Management, and diverse programs in investment and portfolio management, debt securities, modern manufacturing, and supply chain management. The Sri Sri Rural Development Trust was founded in 2001, with a vision to provide permanent and alternative sources of income to the rural population in India. The Trust works in conjunction with the Art of Living Foundation to implement initiatives such as empowerment of rural women, vocational training programs for women and youth, self development workshops, free medical camps, and the Youth Leadership Training Program. The Sri Sri School of Performing Arts and Fine Arts, located in Bangalore, India, is a centre of learning for traditional dance forms, folk and classical music, and the fine arts.   The Sri Sri College for Ayurvedic Science and Research was started by Sri Sri to revive Ayurveda, the ancient system of healthcare that is native to India. The college is affiliated to the to the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, and offers a five year B.A.M.S. (Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery) professional degree course. Some of the special features of the college include a herbal garden with diverse varieties of medicinal plants and a state of the art Research and Development Center. Incepted in 2003, the key objective of the Sri Sri Mobile Agricultural Institute is to provide guidance to farmers to become self-reliant, to revive organic farming, and to educate farmers on water management and irrigation. The Institute?s projects include workshops on chemical-free farming awareness, environmental conservation, and the advantages of organic fertilizers and pesticides. The use of indigenous seeds (instead of genetically modified ones) is also emphasized, and cooperative seed storages have been set up. WHY SRI SRI RAVI SHANKAR IS MY LEADER? For me he is not only spiritual leader but also peace advocate, meditation teacher, humanitarian. I am really inspired with his concept of spirituality. He has made many efforts for people to become stress free. I also like his vision to make stress-free and violence free world. He is not just limited to spirituality; he has also performed many social activities such as peace, disaster relief, promoting literacy, women empowerment, prisoner’s rehabilitation etc. he has also set many educational programs for students which we have seen earlier. He teaches people love and wisdom spreads message of love, peace, brotherhood throughout the world. He aims at promoting spirituality amongst people and making them realize that there is goodness in every individual. He advises people to accept as well as respect each other.